SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

1. What is the most rigid form of connective tissue in the human body?

* A) Cartilage

* B) Bone

* C) Tendon

BONE

2. The collagen fibers of bone are hardened by the deposit of which compound?

* A) Calcium carbonate

* B) Sodium chloride

* C) Calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate

3. What type of bone forms the outer shell of the bones supporting your arms and legs?

* A) Spongy bone

* B) Compact bone

* C) Porous bone

Compact bone

4. Where is spongy bone located in the bones supporting your arms and legs?

* A) In the outer shell

* B) At the ends only

* C) In the interior

In the interior

5. Which type of bone tissue is described as dense, strong, and provides an attachment site for muscles?

* A) Spongy bone

* B) Compact bone

* C) Bone marrow

Compact bone

6. Which characteristics best describe spongy bone?

* A) Dense, strong, and unvascularized

* B) Light, rich in blood vessels, and highly porous

* C) Hardened, rigid, and solid

Light, rich in blood vessels, and highly porous

7. Where are blood cells formed in the bone?

* A) Within the outer compact bone

* B) Inside the muscle attachment sites

* C) In the bone marrow located in the cavities of spongy bone

In the bone marrow located in the cavities of spongy bone

8. How many types of cells are associated with bone according to the text?

* A) Two

* B) Three

* C) Four

three

9. What is the role of an osteoblast?

* A) Mature bone cell

* B) Bone-dissolving cell

* C) Bone-forming cell

* D) Cartilage-producing cell

Bone-forming cell

10. What is an osteocyte?

* A) A mature bone cell

* B) A bone-dissolving cell

* C) A bone-forming cell

* D) An early cartilage cell

A mature bone cell

11. What is the primary function of an osteoclast?

* A) Forming new bone matrix

* B) Dissolving bone and cartilage

* C) Producing blood cells

* D) Hardening collagen fibers

Dissolving bone and cartilage

12. Early in development, which cells invade and dissolve cartilage so that bone can replace it?

* A) Osteoblasts

* B) Osteocytes

* C) Osteoclasts

* D) Fibroblasts

Osteoclasts

13. Which cells replace cartilage with bone during early development?

* A) Osteoclasts

* B) Osteoblasts

* C) Osteocytes

* D) Red blood cells

Osteoblasts

14. What happens to osteoblasts as bones grow and the matrix is hardened?

* A) They transform into osteoclasts

* B) They are gradually entrapped within the hardened matrix

* C) They dissolve into the bloodstream

* D) They exit the bone to form muscle tissue

They are gradually entrapped within the hardened matrix

1. Cartilage is much __ than bone.

A) Harder

B) Softer

C) Heavier

D) Stronger

Softer

2. Cartilage is a form of:

A) Epithelial tissue

B) Nervous tissue

C) Connective tissue

D) Muscle tissue

Connective tissue

3. Cartilage covers the ends of bones at the:

A) Skull

B) Joint

C) Spine only

D) Rib cage

Joint

4. Cartilage supports the flexible portion of the:

A) Nose and external ears

B) Eyes and mouth

C) Arms and legs

D) Skull and teeth

Nose and external ears

5. The living cells of cartilage are called:

A) Osteocytes

B) Chondrocytes

C) Neurons

D) Platelets

Chondrocytes

6. Chondrocytes secrete:

A) Blood

B) Calcium

C) Flexible, elastic, non-living matrix

D) Bone marrow

Flexible, elastic, non-living matrix

7. The matrix secreted by chondrocytes contains:

A) Collagen

B) Hemoglobin

C) Keratin

D) Chlorophyll

Collagen

8. The matrix surrounds the:

A) Bones

B) Blood vessels

C) Chondrocytes

D) Muscles

Chondrocytes

9. The matrix of cartilage is described as:

A) Hard and rigid

B) Flexible and elastic

C) Liquid and watery

D) Brittle and dry

Flexible and elastic

__ blood vessels penetrate into cartilage.

A) Many

B) Some

C) No

D) Only large

No

11. How many main types of cartilage are there?

A) Two

B) Three

C) Four

D) Five

three

12. Which is the most abundant type of cartilage in the human body?

A) Elastic cartilage

B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Fibrous cartilage

D) Bone cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

13. Hyaline cartilage is found at:

A) Movable joints

B) External ears only

C) Skin

D) Muscles

Movable joints

14. Elastic cartilage has a matrix containing bundles of:

A) Nerve fibers

B) Muscle fibers

C) Collagen fibers

D) Blood fibers

Collagen fibers

15. Elastic cartilage forms the external:

A) Pinnae of ears

B) Bones of the legs

C) Muscles of the arms

D) Joints of the knees

Pinnae of ears

16. Elastic cartilage forms the:

A) Tongue

B) Epiglottis

C) Skull

D) Spinal cord

Epiglottis

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?

A) It is connective tissue

B) It is softer than bone

C) Blood vessels penetrate it

D) It contains chondrocytes

Blood vessels penetrate it

19. Which cells are responsible for secreting the cartilage matrix?

A) Chondrocytes

B) Red blood cells

C) Neurons

D) Osteocytes

Chondrocytes

20. Which statement is correct?

A) Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type in humans.

B) Elastic cartilage is the most abundant type in humans.

C) Cartilage is harder than bone.

D) Blood vessels freely penetrate cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type in humans

21. Which combination is correct?

A) Hyaline cartilage → movable joints

B) Elastic cartilage → movable joints only

C) Hyaline cartilage → epiglottis only

D) Elastic cartilage → bones only

Hyaline cartilage → movable joints

22. Which combination is correct?

A) Chondrocytes → living cells of cartilage

B) Chondrocytes → blood vessels

C) Collagen → living cells

D) Matrix → blood

Chondrocytes → living cells of cartilage

23. Which type of cartilage forms the epiglottis?

A) Hyaline cartilage

B) Elastic cartilage

C) Bone

D) Muscle

Elastic cartilage

27. Which of the following contains bundles of collagen fibers in its matrix?

A) Elastic cartilage

B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Blood

D) Bone marrow

Elastic cartilage

28. Which pair is correctly matched?

A) Hyaline cartilage — most abundant

B) Chondrocytes — non-living cells

C) Elastic cartilage — bone tissue

D) Matrix — living cells

Hyaline cartilage — most abundant

29. Cartilage is found at joints mainly where it:

A) Covers the ends of bones

B) Produces blood

C) Forms muscles

D) Produces nerves

Covers the ends of bones

30. Which statement includes ALL the correct facts?

A) Cartilage is softer than bone, is connective tissue, and contains chondrocytes.

B) Cartilage is harder than bone and contains blood vessels.

C) Cartilage is muscle tissue and contains neurons.

D) Cartilage is epithelial tissue and has no matrix.

Cartilage is softer than bone, is connective tissue, and contains chondrocytes.

1. The human skeleton is broadly divided into:

A. Skeletal and muscular skeleton
B. Axial and appendicular skeleton
C. Cranial and postcranial skeleton
D. Vertebral and appendicular skeleton

Axial and appendicular skeleton

2. Which of the following is a component of the axial skeleton?

A. Femur
B. Humerus
C. Sternum
D. Pelvic girdle

Sternum

3. The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Skull
B. Vertebrae
C. Ribs
D. Femur

Femur

4. The skull is composed of:

A. Cranium only
B. Facial bones only
C. Cranium and facial bones
D. Vertebrae and facial bones

Cranium and facial bones

The cranium consists of how many bones?

A. 6
B. 8
C. 14
D. 22

8

How many bones of the cranium are unpaired?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

4

7. How many pairs of bones are present in the cranium?

A. 1 pair
B. 2 pairs
C. 4 pairs
D. 6 pairs

2

8. Which pair of bones of the cranium is correctly identified as paired?

A. Frontal and occipital
B. Sphenoid and ethmoid
C. Parietal and temporal
D. Frontal and sphenoid

Parietal and temporal

9. Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?

A. Parietal
B. Temporal
C. Frontal
D. Both A and B

Frontal

10. Which combination contains ONLY unpaired cranial bones?

A. Parietal, temporal, frontal
B. Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
C. Temporal, sphenoid, parietal, ethmoid
D. Parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

11. Which of the following is a paired cranial bone?

A. Occipital
B. Ethmoid
C. Temporal
D. Frontal

Temporal

12. The number of facial bones in the skull is:

A. 8
B. 10
C. 14
D. 22

14

13. Of the 14 facial bones, how many are paired?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

6

14. Of the 14 facial bones, how many are unpaired?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

2

15. Which of the following is an unpaired facial bone?

A. Maxilla
B. Zygomatic
C. Nasal
D. Mandible

Mandible

16. Which pair contains ONLY unpaired facial bones?

A. Mandible and vomer
B. Maxilla and mandible
C. Nasal and vomer
D. Zygomatic and mandible

Mandible and vomer

17. Which of the following is NOT a paired facial bone?

A. Maxilla
B. Zygomatic
C. Mandible
D. Lacrimal

Mandible

18. Which of the following is a paired facial bone?

A. Mandible
B. Vomer
C. Maxilla
D. None of these

Maxilla

19. Which of the following contains ONLY paired facial bones?

A. Maxilla, zygomatic, nasal
B. Mandible, vomer, nasal
C. Mandible, maxilla, vomer
D. Vomer, zygomatic, mandible

Maxilla, zygomatic, nasal

20. Which of the following is NOT included among the paired facial bones?

A. Palatine
B. Inferior concha
C. Vomer
D. Lacrimal

Vomer

21. The vertebral column extends from the:

A. Skull to sternum
B. Skull to pelvis
C. Brain to pelvis
D. Ribs to pelvis

Skull to pelvis

22. The vertebral column forms the:

A. Rib cage
B. Chest cavity
C. Backbone
D. Pelvic girdle

Backbone

23. The vertebral column primarily protects the:

A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Spinal cord
D. Lungs

Spinal cord

24. Normally, the vertebral column possesses how many curvatures?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

4

25. The curvatures of the vertebral column provide:

A. Less flexibility
B. More strength than a straight column
C. Protection to the skull
D. Attachment to the upper limbs

More strength than a straight column

26. The vertebral column consists of:

A. 26 vertebrae
B. 30 vertebrae
C. 33 vertebrae
D. 35 vertebrae

33 vertebrae

27. Vertebrae are named primarily according to their:

A. Shape
B. Size
C. Location in the body
D. Function

Location in the body

28. Which sequence correctly represents the regions of the vertebral column given in the notes?

A. Cervical → thoracic → lumbar → pelvic
B. Thoracic → cervical → lumbar → pelvic
C. Cervical → lumbar → thoracic → pelvic
D. Pelvic → lumbar → thoracic → cervical

Cervical → thoracic → lumbar → pelvic

29. How many cervical vertebrae are present?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 12

7

30. Cervical vertebrae are located in the:

A. Chest
B. Abdomen
C. Neck
D. Pelvis

Neck

31. The first cervical vertebra is called:

A. Axis
B. Atlas
C. Sacrum
D. Coccyx

Atlas

32. The second cervical vertebra is called:

A. Atlas
B. Axis
C. Sacrum
D. Lumbar vertebra

Axis

33. Which pair represents the first two cervical vertebrae?

A. Sacrum and coccyx
B. Atlas and axis
C. Lumbar and thoracic
D. Frontal and occipital

Atlas and axis

34. How many thoracic vertebrae are present?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 10
D. 12

12

35. Thoracic vertebrae are located in the:

A. Neck region
B. Thoracic region
C. Pelvic region
D. Cranial region

Thoracic region

36. The number of lumbar vertebrae is:

A. 4
B. 5
C. 7
D. 12

5

37. How many vertebrae are present in the pelvic region?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9

9

38. The nine vertebrae of the pelvic region form:

A. Atlas and axis
B. Sacrum and coccyx
C. Sternum and sacrum
D. Lumbar and thoracic regions

Sacrum and coccyx

39. The sacrum is formed by fusion of:

A. Anterior four vertebrae
B. Posterior four vertebrae
C. Anterior five vertebrae
D. Posterior five vertebrae

Anterior five vertebrae

40. The coccyx is formed by fusion of:

A. Anterior five vertebrae
B. Posterior four vertebrae
C. Anterior four vertebrae
D. Posterior five vertebrae

Posterior four vertebrae

41. Which statement correctly distinguishes sacrum and coccyx according to the notes?

A. Sacrum forms from posterior four; coccyx from anterior five
B. Sacrum forms from anterior five; coccyx from posterior four
C. Both form from five vertebrae
D. Both form from four vertebrae

Sacrum forms from anterior five; coccyx from posterior four

42. Which of the following represents the correct number of vertebrae in cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions respectively?

A. 5, 7, 12
B. 7, 12, 5
C. 12, 7, 5
D. 7, 5, 12

7, 12, 5

43. Which region of the vertebral column contains the greatest number of individual vertebrae?

A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Pelvic

Thoracic

44. The rib cage is composed of:

A. 10 pairs of ribs
B. 11 pairs of ribs
C. 12 pairs of ribs
D. 14 pairs of ribs

12 pairs of ribs

45. Twelve pairs of ribs articulate with the:

A. Cervical vertebrae
B. Thoracic vertebrae
C. Lumbar vertebrae
D. Sacral vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

46. How many pairs of ribs connect anteriorly with the sternum?

A. 8
B. 10
C. 12
D. 14

10

47. The ten pairs of ribs connect anteriorly with the sternum:

A. Only directly
B. Only indirectly
C. Either directly or through the costal arch
D. Through the vertebral column

Either directly or through the costal arch

48. The lower two pairs of ribs are called:

A. True ribs
B. False ribs
C. Floating ribs
D. Cervical ribs

Floating ribs

49. The lower two pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they:

A. Do not articulate with vertebrae
B. Do not attach to the sternum
C. Are not connected to each other
D. Are present only during fetal development

Do not attach to the sternum

50. Which statement about the floating ribs is correct?

A. They are the upper two pairs of ribs
B. They attach directly to the sternum
C. They do not attach to the sternum
D. They do not articulate with thoracic vertebrae

They do not attach to the sternum

51. The rib cage provides support to the:

A. Cranial cavity
B. Pelvic cavity
C. Chest cavity
D. Vertebral cavity

Chest cavity

52. The chest cavity is described as a:

A. Complete vacuum chamber
B. Semi-vacuum chamber
C. High-pressure chamber
D. Solid chamber

Semi vacuum chamber

53. Which structure provides support to the semi-vacuum chest cavity?

A. Skull
B. Vertebral column only
C. Rib cage
D. Pelvic girdle

Rib cage

54. Which combination is entirely correct?

A. Cranium: 8 bones; Facial bones: 14 bones
B. Cranium: 14 bones; Facial bones: 8 bones
C. Cranium: 12 bones; Facial bones: 14 bones
D. Cranium: 8 bones; Facial bones: 12 bones

Cranium: 8 bones; Facial bones: 14 bones

55. A student states that the skull has 22 bones. Based on the provided notes, this number is obtained by:

A. Adding 8 cranial and 14 facial bones
B. Adding 14 cranial and 8 facial bones
C. Adding 12 cranial and 10 facial bones
D. Adding 8 cranial and 12 facial bones

Adding 8 cranial and 14 facial bones

56. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A. Atlas — second cervical vertebra
B. Axis — first cervical vertebra
C. Atlas — first cervical vertebra
D. Sacrum — first cervical vertebra

Atlas — first cervical vertebra

57. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A. Thoracic — 5 vertebrae
B. Lumbar — 12 vertebrae
C. Cervical — 7 vertebrae
D. Pelvic — 7 vertebrae

Cervical — 7 vertebrae

58. If the 5 lumbar vertebrae are excluded, how many vertebrae remain in the vertebral column according to the notes?

A. 26
B. 28
C. 30
D. 33

28

60. Which sequence correctly follows the number of vertebrae from cervical to pelvic regions?

A. 7 → 12 → 5 → 9
B. 12 → 7 → 5 → 9
C. 7 → 5 → 12 → 9
D. 5 → 7 → 12 → 9

7 → 12 → 5 → 9

61. Which of the following contains one paired cranial bone and one unpaired cranial bone?

A. Parietal and temporal
B. Frontal and occipital
C. Parietal and frontal
D. Temporal and parietal

Parietal and frontal