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Solubility rules, Polyatomic ions, Naming and formula writing for covalent and ionic compounds
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acetate
C2H3O2-
bromite
BrO2-
bromate
BrO3-
perbromate
BrO4-
cyanate
OCN-
cyanide
CN-
thiocyanate
SCN-
hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
hypochlorite
ClO-
chlorite
ClO2-
chlorate
ClO3-
perchlorate
ClO4-
hypoiodate
IO-
iodite
IO2-
iodate
IO3-
periodate
IO4-
permanganate
MnO4-
nitrite
NO2-
nitrate
NO3-
hydroxide
OH-
hydrogen sulfite
HSO3-
hydrogen sulfate
HSO4-
carbonate
CO32-
carbonite
CO22-
oxalate
C2O42-
chromate
CrO42-
dichromate
Cr2O72-
peroxide
O22-
hydrogen phosphate
HPO42-
sulfite
SO32-
sulfate
SO42-
arsenite
AsO33-
arsenate
AsO43-
phosphite
PO33-
phosphate
PO43-
ammonium
NH4+
generally, -ate means
1 extra oxygen from -ite version
generally, per- means
2 extra oxygen from -ite version
generally, hypo- means
1 less oxygen from -ite version
which ionic compounds are always soluble
nitrates, acetates, group 1, sulfates, ammonium, group 17 (NAG SAG)
exceptions to group 17 solubility
silver, lead, mercury
exceptions to sulfate solubility
calcium, barium, lead, silver, strontium
solubility of ionic compound containing silver
insoluble except silver nitrate and silver acetate
solubility of ionic compound containing hydroxide
insoluble except group 1
solubility of ionic compound containing carbonate
insoluble except “always soluble” rule
solubility of ionic compound containing chromate
insoluble except “always soluble” rule
solubility of ionic compound containing phosphate
insoluble except “always soluble” rule
solubility of ionic compound containing fluoride
insoluble except “always soluble” rule
covalent compound nomenclature
prefix indicates how many atom (drop “mono” for 1st element), ends in -ide
1 atom prefix
mono
2 atoms prefix
di
3 atoms prefix
tri
4 atoms prefix
tetra
5 atoms prefix
penta
6 atoms prefix
hexa
7 atoms prefix
hepta
8 atoms prefix
octa
9 atoms prefix
nona
10 atoms prefix
deca
ionic compound nomenclature
cation then anion, ends in -ide (unless polyatomic anion), overall neutral charge
how to write transition metals
element (charge in roman numerals)