Parasitology Exam 1 Review

What are cestodes?

tapeworms

What are trematodes?

flukeworms

T/F arthropods are bigger than nematodes

true

What is the infective stages with ascarids?

L2

T/F Toxocara canis can be transmitted by both transmammary and transuterine routes but T. cati cannnot

True

What is the prepatent period for toxacaris leonina?

74 days

What is paratenic transmission?

infection when an animal eats an infected rodent, bird, etc. (larvae encyst and develop when eaten

What is the infective stage of hookworms?

L3

What is the scientific name for a hookworm found in a dog?

Ancylostoma caninum

What is the scientific name for a hookworm found in a cat?

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

What is the scientific name for a hookworm found in a dog and cat?

Ancylostoma braziliense

What is the scientific name for a hookworm found in a dog up north?

Uncinaria stenocephala

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a horse?

Parascris equorum

What is the scientific name for a hookworm found in a horse?

Strongyles

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a dog?

Toxocara canis

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a cat?

Toxocara cati

T/F we can not get pinworms from horses

true

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found both in dogs and cats?

Toxascris leonina

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a cattle?

Toxocara vitulorum

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a pigs?

Ascaris suum

What is the scientific name for a roundworm found in a pigs and humans?

Ascaris lumbricoides

What are the routes of infection for hookworms?

• Skin penetration

• Transmammary

• Transuterine

• Ingestation

What are some clinical signs of hookworms?

• Severe anemia

• Melena

• Poor growth

How can we differentiate hookworms from intestinal threadworms?

fresh fecal flotation

What are the routes of infection for intestinal threadworms?

Transmammary (major), ingestation, and cutaneous penetration

What is the scientific name for a whipworm found in dogs?

Trichuris vulpis

What is the scientific name for a whipworm found in cats?

• Trichuris campanula

• Trichuris serrata

What is the scientific name for a whipworm found in cattle, sheep, and goats?

Trichuris ovis

What is the scientific name for a whipworm found in pigs?

Trichuris suis

What is the scientific name for a whipworm found in pigs and humans?

Trichinella spiralis

What is Trichinella spiralis often associated with?

raw pork

Why are stool samples often blood red with whipworms?

due to being found in the cecum / colon mucosa

What is the scientific name of the esophageal worm in dogs and cats?

Spirocera lupi

What is a type of filaroidea that we normally see in dogs? Scientific name?

Heartworm - Dirofilaria immitis

How are filarioids transmitted?

transmitted by bloodsucking insects in microfilariae develop into infective third-stage larvae

What is the reservior host for Dirofilaria immits?

coyotes

What is the intermediate host for Dirofilaria immits?

mosquitos

T/F Cats do not normally have microfilariae

true

How many female heart worms are required to be in a paitent before we can get a positive heart worm test?

2

What is the number one sign of heartworm disease in cats?

sudden death

Where are adult heartworms found?

found in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and the fine branches of that artery

What are symptoms of heartworm disease?

• fatigue

• coughing

• appearance of unthriftyness

What do we use to treat a patient for heartworms for the first 28 days?

Doxycycline

What microfilaria is often confused with Dirofilaria immitis and is a parasite that is nonpathogenic to dogs?

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

Where is Setaria equina found?

Often found in the abdomen during abdominal surgery or on the killing floor or necropsy table

What is the main difference between Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

Dirofilaria immitis has a hook

What is the scientific name for the kidney worm in the dog?

Dioctophyma renale

What is the scientific name for the stomach worm in the dog?

Physaloptera spp.

What is the scientific name for the non-pathogenic worm of the subcutaneous tissue of dogs?

Acanthocheilonema (Dipetalonema) reconditum

What is the prepatent period for T. canis?

21 to 35 days

What is the prepatent period for T. cati?

74 days

Where are filaroidea found?

in tissue spaces and body cavities or within the vasculature / lymphatic system

Where do microfilariae of filaroidea circulate in the definitive host?

the blood

Rounds” are also responsible for _____ _____ _____. What larval magrins? – clinical condition of 3rd stage larvae migrating thru abnormal host such as children.

isceral larval migrans

T/F all roundworms are zoonotic

false

When the infective egg of this parasite is swallowed by a foal, the larvae hatch, burrows into the wall of the small intestine, and then is carried to the liver by the portal vein. What roundworm is this?

Parascaris equorum

What is the scientific name for the hookworm found in ruminants?

Bunostomum phlebotomum

What parasite produces anemia in puppies and kittens?

hookworms

What is the prepatent period for dirofilaria immitis?

6 months

How is Setaria equina transmitted?

mosquitos

What is the parasite found in the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs of domestic animals?

Thelazia spp.

What is the scientific name of the eyeworm found in both cats and dogs?

Thelazia californiensis

What is the scientific name of the eyeworm found in cattle, sheep, and goats?

• Thelazia rhodesia

• Thelazia gulosa

What is the scientific name of the eyeworm found in horses?

Thelazia lacrymalis

What is the scientific name for the lungworm found in the dog?

Eucoleous aerophius

What is the largest kidney worm of the dog?

Dioctophyma renale

How is Stephanurus dentatus trasnmitted?

• earthworm ingestion (indirect)

• percutaneous route (direct) to the perirenal tissues.

Explain how the kidney is infected because of Dioctophyma renale?

Infects right kidney + gradually ingests the renal parenchyma, leaving only a capsule of the kidney

What is the kidney worm found in swine?

Stephanurus dentatus

Where is Stephanurus dentatus located in the body?

Found in the kidneys, ureters, and perirenal tissues of pigs

How do we diagnose pinworms?

use cellophane tape

T/F Pinworms are parasites of omnivores and herbivores but never carnivores.

True

Oxyuris equi can be found in what parts of the body of the horse?

cecum, colon, and rectum

How does oxyuris equi migrate throughout the body?

Migrates down the colon + rectum then will leave eggs in masses on the skin outside the rectum

Then in 4-5 days the sticky masses dry and flakes will stick to buckers, stall walls, mangers, etc.

What parasite causes horses to become so itchy that they can rub the hair off of their tail?

oxyuris equi (pinworm)

What parasite do humans get that people wrongly accuse pets of giving them?

Enterobius vermicularis

Syphacia spp. + Aspiculuris spp are pinworms in what animal? Are they zoonotic?

mice - no

What are some of the different types of strongyles?

• Haemonchus

• Ostertagia

• Cooperia

• Chabertia

• Trichostrongylus

• Hyostrongylus

• Marshallagia

• Nematodirus

• Dictycaulus

• Bunostomum

• Oesophagostomum dentatum (pigs)

What is the scientific name of the felin strongyle?

Ollulanus tricuspis

What does Ollulanus tricuspis cause in cats?

vomiting

Trichostrongylus axei also stomach worm of ____, ______, and ______.

horses, pigs, and ruminants

What is the intermediate host of gongylonema pulchrum?

dung beetle or cockroach

What is the scientific name of the esophageal worm that effects ruminants?

gongylonema pulchrum