APRN Exam

One eye that deviates inward when covered, but returns to midline when uncovered is indicative of what condition?

Esophoria

Moro reflex timeframe

birth to 4-6 months

Rooting reflex timeframe

Birth to 3-4 months

Tonic Neck reflex timeframe

Birth to 4-6 months

Plantar reflex timeframe

birth to 10-12 months

What are the TORCH infections?

Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, CMV, HSV

CRAFFT Screening Acronym

Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble

What does Bossing mean?

Bulging of forehead - rickets, prematurity, craniostenosis

Define Barlow with hip assessment

adduction of hips

Define Ortalani with hip assessment

Abduction of hips

What does Galeazzi sign assess

assess hip dislocation/shortened femur

How do you assess for Galeazzi sign?

On back, feet flat on floor, measure/compare knee height

What does Gower’s sign indicate

generalized muscle weakness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy

How do you assess for Gower’s Sign

hands and feet flat on floor, walked hands to feet, then stand. If you put hands on thighs to stand, indicates positive sign

increased lymphocytes indicate what

viral infection

increased monocytes indicate what

recovery from acute illness

increased basophils indicate what

inflammatory conditions

Interventions taken if iron is over 45

chelation therapy

wide pulse pressure from high systolic pressure is due to what

fever, exercise, excitement

wide pulse pressure from low diastolic pressure is due to what

PDA, aortic regurgitation

Head and chest circumference should be equal at what age

1 year

what age should a child have no head lag when pulled to sit

6 months

what is the different between caput succ and cephalohematoma

caput crosses suture lines, cephalohematoma does not

what does a white light reflex indicate

leukocoria, retinoblastoma

define eso-

inward

define exo-

outward

define -phoria

eye movement when eye is covered

define -tropia

eye movement when the eye is not covered

spasticity in an infant is an early sign of what

cerebral palsy

a shift to the left indicates what

increase in bands

increase in lymphocytes indicates what

viral illness

What is the leading cause of non genetic hearing loss

CMV

how much should an infant gain in the first 6 months

an ounce a day

length in a child doubles by what age

4 years

length triples by what age

13 years

length increases by 50% by what age

age 1

weight doubles by what age

6 months

weight triples by what age

1 year

weight quadruples by what age

age 2

language milestones from birth to 5 months

coos, cries giggles, makes noise when talked to

language milestones from 6-11 months

babbles, uses gestures (ASL), repeats sounds, says first word

language milestones for 12-17 months

answers simple questions nonverbally, imitates simple words, 4-6 word vocabulary

language milestones for 18-23 months

50 word vocab, animal noises, combines words, 2 word phrases

Define Id

pleasure

Define Ego

reality/ self interest

Define superego

morality/conscience

Erik Erikson stages

trust vs mistrust

autonomy vs shame and doubt

initiative vs guilt

industry vs inferiority

identity vs role confusion

intimacy vs isolation

Jean Piaget phases

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

define classical conditioning

learned behavior that causes unconscious reactions (drooling, heart rate spike)

Define Operant Conditioning

Consequence happens after a behavior (time out for being bad)

Bronfenbrenner systems

microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem

Motor Milestones for birth - 3 months

turns head when prone, hands to mouth, grasp reflex

Motor Milestones for 3-6 months

reaches towards object, plays with hands/feet, tx toys from hand to hand, rolls over

motor milestones for 6-9 months

pokes with index finger, pulls hands to knees, sits without help

motor milestones for 9-12 months

pincer grasp, uses both hands in play, crawls, pulls to stand, walks with support

motor milestones 12-18 months

walks alone, crawls up/down stairs, stacks objects, scribbles

motor milestones 2-3 years

walks, runs, squats, circular scribble, alternates feet up stairs

motor milestones 3-4 years

runs around obstacles, tricycles, cuts paper, 9 cube tower

motor milestones 4-5 years

somersault, copies cross/square, prints letters, skips

motor milestones for 5-6 year old

jumps rope, balance beam, cuts out simple shapes, handedness is established, colors within lines, mature grasp of pencil

puberty onset for females

9-10 years

precocious puberty in females

before age 8 years

delated puberty in females

13 and older

average menarche in years

12.5 (10-16)

puberty onset for males

11-12 years

precocious puberty for males

before age 9 years

delayed puberty in males

after age 14

what is the gold standard testing for neurological delays in toddlers

BSID-II

Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis Rosea Characteristics

non pruritic, fall and spring, herald patch, raised, oval, flaky, salmon color lesions in Christmas tree pattern, self limiting, 6-14 weeks

Erythema Infectiosum “fifth disease”

Characteristics of Erythema Infectiosum “fifth disease”

caused by parvovirus B-19, mild fever/malaise for 1-3 days, slapped cheek appearance, lacy appearance on trunk/extremities, wax/wane in sunlight, supportive cares

Impetigo

Characteristics of impetigo

bullous/crusting lesions secondary to staph or strep, honey colored crusts, treat with topical mupirocin

Atopic Dermatitis “eczema”

characteristics of atopic dermatitis

the itch that rashes, oozing/scaly/crusting lesions, irritability in infants, can use topical corticosteroids, moisturize with emollients

Roseola Infantum

characteristics of roseola infantum

seen in children under 3, febrile illness up to 105, rash develops as fever fades, pink papular eruption, supportive cares

Intertrigo “cutaneous candidiasis”

name this rash

characteristics of intertrigo “cutaneous candidiasis”

moist macerated plaques, where skin lies on skin, moist beefy red macerated skin, keep area dry

Hand foot mouth/ coxsackie virus

characteristics of hand foot and mouth/coxsackie

papulovesicular eruption with irritability and fever, summer and fall, small vesicles/pustular lesions, can have oral ulcerations, supportive, magic mouthwash

scabies

characteristics of scabies

pruritic dermatitis, seen on hands, armpits, wrists, erythematous raised linear burrows, treat all family members with 5% permethrin

scarlet fever

scarlet fever characteristics

recent group A strep, red sandpapery rash on face, trunk, extremities, treat with amox

Molluscum Contagiosum

characteristics of molluscum contagiosum

poxvirus infection, dome shaped translucent flesh colored papules, can persist for months/years, self limiting

The child at highest risk for having an elevated lead level is:

3 month old who exclusively breastfeeds

6 month old who lives with iron deficiency anemia

2 year old who is a picky eater

2 year old with iron deficiency anemia

• In a 2 month old with visible rib fractures on a radiograph, the NEXT most critical evaluation to obtain is a

  • CT scan of head

  • Long bone series 

  • Coagulation profile 

  • Retinal ophthalmologic exam

CT scan of the head

• Education for caregivers whose child has a sickle cell disease should include that  the majority of pain crises are triggered by which of the following 

  • No identifying cause

  • Temperature changes 

  • Cigarette smoke exposure

  • Stressful situations

no identifying cause

• The late preterm infant has which of the following risks 

  • Excessive wakefulness 

  • Poor sucking strength

  • Tachycardia 

  • Colic

poor sucking strength

• The benefit of fluoride is achieved through which of the following mechanisms 

  • Bactericidal effect on streptococcus mutans

  • Destruction of milk sugars 

  • Prevention of plaque adherence

  • Remineralization of carious lesions

remineralization of carious lesions

90% of bacteria pneumonia is caused by what organism

step pneumonae

• Which is the BEST next step for an adolescent with scaly patches limited to the torso, palms of hands, and soles of feet 

  • Active nonintervention

  • Treponemal antibody test

  • Topical steroids 

  • Oral antifungals

treponemal antibody test to r/o syphilis

• Which annual testing is recommended for an adolescent with Turner syndrome 

  • CBC, serum glucose, celiac panel 

  • Celiac panel, CBC, thyroid function

  • CBC, celiac panel, metabolic panel

  • Lipid profile, serum glucose, thyroid function

Lipid profile, serum glucose, thyroid function

• Which of the following topical corticosteroids is MOST appropriate for treating an inflammatory rash on the face of a toddler

  • Fluticasone 0.0005% ointment

  • Hydrocortisone valerate 0.2%

  • Fluocinonide 0.05% gel

  • Triamcinolone acetonide 0.025% lotion

triamcinolone acetonide 0.025% lotion

• The MOST appropriate INITIAL management of a toddler with persistent postinfectious diarrhea is to

  • Continue with regular diet

  • Start a high fat, low carb diet

  • Switch to a lactose free diet

  • Start a clear liquid diet

switch to a lactose free diet

• Which of the following is the foundation of treatment for cyclic vomiting syndrome

  • Aggressive hydration

  • Biofeedback

  • Dietary management

  • Oral sumatriptan

aggressive hydration