APUSH Period 3 Flashcards: The American Revolution

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 uprising against British control by tribes.

Northwest Indian Wars

Conflicts from 1785 to 1795 over U.S. expansion.

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade colonial settlement west of Appalachians.

Seven Years War

Global conflict involving multiple European powers.

Declaration of Independence

1776 document declaring U.S. independence from Britain.

Common Sense

Pamphlet advocating independence, written by Thomas Paine.

Chief Pontiac

Ottawa leader who opposed British expansion in 1763.

Confederacy of Tribes

Alliance resisting U.S. settlement in Northwest Territory.

Washington's Campaign

1793 military action against Indian confederacy in Northwest.

Grievances in DOI

List of complaints against the British King.

Enlightenment Thinking

Philosophical foundation for the Declaration of Independence.

Mercantilist System

Economic policy favoring trade with the mother country.

Ohio River Valley

Region fought over in the French and Indian War.

Decisive Victory

Crucial win leading to land cessions from tribes.

Philosophical Cornerstone

Fundamental basis for American democratic ideals.

Virtual Representation

Claim that Parliament represents colonies indirectly.

Stamp Act

1765 tax requiring stamped paper for documents.

No Taxation Without Representation

Colonial belief against taxes without parliamentary voice.

Stamp Act Congress

Meeting of 7 colonies to oppose the Stamp Act.

Intolerable Acts

British response to Boston Tea Party, restricting freedoms.

Boston Tea Party

Colonists protested Tea Act by destroying British tea.

First Continental Congress

1774 meeting to address colonial grievances against Britain.

George Washington

Commander in Chief of Continental Forces during Revolution.

Battles of Lexington and Concord

First military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

French and Indian War

Conflict contributing to British debt and colonial taxation.

Valley Forge

Winter encampment for Washington's troops, showcasing resilience.

Paul Revere

Patriot who warned of British troop movements.

Tea Act

Law allowing British East India Company to sell tea cheaply.

Committees of Correspondence

Shadow colonial government formed to promote patriotism.

Battle of Yorktown

Final battle leading to British surrender in 1781.

2nd Continental Congress

1775-1781 assembly that authorized Washington's command.

Ben Franklin

Enlightenment leader, diplomat, and Declaration co-author.

The Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason over superstition.

Sons of Liberty

Patriot group opposing British taxation through rebellion.

Daughters of Liberty

Women supporting independence by boycotting British goods.

Adam Smith

Economist advocating free market in Wealth of Nations.

John Locke

Philosopher promoting natural rights and social contract.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Agreement ending the American Revolution and recognizing independence.

Natural Law

Philosophical belief in inherent human rights.

Social Contract

Theory that government protects rights in exchange for freedoms.

Patriots

Colonists advocating for independence from British rule.

Loyalists

Colonists remaining loyal to the British crown.

Colonial Boycotts

Refusal to purchase British goods as protest.

Philosophers of Enlightenment

Thinkers challenging traditional authority and advocating reason.

Shadow Government

Informal structure providing leadership and organization to colonies.

Colonial Delegates

Representatives from colonies participating in Congress meetings.

Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law

1780 law banning slave importation, freeing children born in PA.

Republican Motherhood

Role of women to educate sons for citizenship.

Bicameral Legislature

Two-house legislative system established by the Grand Compromise.

Judicial Branch

Interprets laws and ensures justice in the government.

Legislative Branch

Responsible for making laws in the government.

Executive Branch

Enforces laws and administers government operations.

Popular Vote

Direct voting by citizens for elected officials.

Model for Northern States

Pennsylvania's gradual emancipation influenced other states.

Articles of Confederation

Weak national government lacking taxation and military power.

U.S. Navy

Established in 1794 to combat piracy.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established federal court system and Supreme Court.

George Washington's Cabinet

Advisory group of key officials for the president.

Daniel Shays

Leader of Shays's Rebellion against government policies.

Constitution of 1787

Document replacing the Articles of Confederation.

Debt Crisis

Economic struggle leading to farmer unrest in 1780s.

Springfield Armory

Target of Shays's Rebellion for arms.

Piracy Wars

Conflicts with Barbary pirates in 1801 and 1815.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of a strong national government.

Federalist Papers

85 essays advocating for Constitution ratification.

James Madison

Key architect of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury, Federalist leader.

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted Declaration of Independence, opposed Hamilton.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

States' rights response to federal laws.

Patrick Henry

Anti-Federalist leader advocating for individual rights.

George Clinton

Anti-Federalist governor of New York.

Constitutional Convention

1787 meeting to draft the U.S. Constitution.

Amendment 1

Guarantees freedom of speech and assembly.

Continental Congress

Governing body during the American Revolution.

AOC Congress

Congress under the Articles of Confederation.

Duel with Aaron Burr

Hamilton's fatal confrontation leading to his death.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Three-part strategy to stabilize U.S. economy.

Assumption of State Debts

U.S. government takes over state debts.

National Bank

Federal institution to manage currency and credit.

Federal Excise Taxes

Taxes on specific goods to protect industry.

Tariffs

Taxes on imports to support domestic manufacturing.

Critics of Hamilton

Jefferson and Dem-Rep feared government overreach.

March of the Paxton Boys

Vigilante Scots-Irish attacking American Indians.

George Washington's Presidency

First president serving 1789-1797, set precedents.

Formation of the Cabinet

Advisory body established by Washington for governance.

Proclamation of Neutrality

Washington's policy to avoid foreign alliances.

Farewell Address

Washington warned against political parties and alliances.

Northwest Ordinance

1787 law creating Northwest Territory and banning slavery.

Northwest Territory

Region including present-day WI, IL, MI, IN, OH.

Pinckney's Treaty

1795 agreement with Spain defining borders and navigation.

Jay's Treaty

1795 treaty resolving U.S.-British disputes post-Revolution.

First Party System

Political factions formed around Jefferson and Hamilton.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws restricting immigration and limiting free speech.

The Constitution

Fundamental governing document of the United States.

Federalist Party

Political faction advocating a strong national government and pro-British stance.

John Jay

First Chief Justice who negotiated the Jay Treaty.

Articles of Confederation (AOC)

First governing document, deemed ineffective for national governance.

Popular Sovereignty

Principle that government derives authority from the people.

Federalism

System dividing power between national and state governments.

Separation of Powers

Division of government responsibilities into distinct branches.