Galapagos

significance of Galapagos islands

influenced Darwin on his theory of Evolution. for collection of data

Discovered the Galapagos

the Bishop of Panama in 1535 for Spain

an archipelago

group of islands of Mainland populated by organisms from the nearest continent

nearest continent to Galapagos

South America

location of Galapagos

500 miles west of South America in the Pacific, on Equator

Owns the Galapagos Islands

Ecuador

how old are the volcanic islands of Galapagos?

600,00 to 1.3 million years

endemic species

Species that is found in only one place/location

reason animals of Galapagos are unafraid of man

because there are no natural predators

reason the bull sea lion is dangerous in mating season

dominant male protects territory and females

intruduced animals that have endangered the giant tortoise

rats and cats

prickly pear growth according to animal population

if both iguana and giant tortoise : grows as tall trees

if only giant tortoise: grows like shrub

the TWO types of carapaces found in tortoise

dome shaped: cant raise head, feeds on low growing prickly pear cactus

saddle shaped: raise head & compete with iguana for food

how age of tortoise is calculated

determined by counting growth of rings in carapase in the mid

Land Iguana

eat prickly pear, they live 40

marine iguana

eats seaweed from rocks primarily feeds on ulva or "sea lettuce"

life span 5 to 7 years due to the great stress from diving causes in their carsiovascular system.

iguanas slow hear rate to 10 beats per minute while diving. temperature changes also cause heart attacks.

how deep can the marine iguana dive and how long can it stay underwater

capabable of duving 35 feet andvstay underwater for an HOUR

the predator for the lava lizard

Galapagos snakes; not poisonous thry squeeze their pray

only flighlessbird

cormorant, they fish

have vestigial wings, dries wings after feeding

formsvnests of seaweed and guano

largest bird found on Galapagos

waved albatross

bird on Galapagos that does not sing, but rather clicks its beak for a courting song.

waved albatross, it can nest of Galapagos because of the cliffs. jump off cliffs to take off

string winds, air assistance into air.

bird that parazites the waved Albatross

hood mockingbird

on which of the islands are the penguins found

found in ISABELLA & FERNANDINA for nesting

they feed on cold water fish brought by current

only gull that feeds at night, and why?

SWALLOW TAIL GULL

frigate bird feed on swallow tail gull young if left alone; but frigate burd cannot see at night. thats why swallow tail feed at night.

SWALLOW tail gull has a black beak with a white tip, babies peak at white spot which causes a reflux in mother to bring up food for baby to feed on.

what ADAPTATION is exhibited by Darwin's finches.
what type of SPECIATION?

adaptive radiation; isolated by behavior

sympatruc speciation; different beak shape/size for procuring or exploit food

which bird secretes no oil and parasitized the others?

frigate birds; !no oil glands to swim

three types of boobies

blue footed

masked

red footed

blue footed boobies

feed offshore

lays 2 eggs

raises 2 chicks

masked boobies

feed 50/60 miles offshore

lays 2 eggs

raises 1 chick (first born eats the second)

red footed boobies

feeds 100/150 miles offshore

lays 1 egg

raises 1 chick

bird found in the rainforest of Galapagos, what does it eat?

vermillion flycatcher; feeds on flies and ticks

amount of land in Galapagos

200 square miles

amount of ocean encompassed by galapagod

8000 square miles

ropey lava formation

Pahoehoe lava

lava formation that resembles crushed gravel

aa lava

lava gormation that tesembles huge boulders

pillow lava

vein like lava that hides deep caverns

lava tubes

reason it diesnt rain in Bartolome island

highest volcanic peak is only 200 feet

environmental conditions on islands

arid and desert like with low volcanic peaks

environmental conditions at high altitudes

tropical rain forest

rainfall

only on those islands with volcanic praks at least 1200 feet or higher

sealion tears

they cry to eliminate salt