Blood Bank Exam 3: Blood Donor Qualification and Infectious Disease Testing

what regulatory bodies tell us what the rules are for a person to be a blood donor?

FDA

AABB

what is the purpose of blood donor qualification

to ensure the donor is in good health

to identify risk factors for diseases transmissible via transfusion

what needs to be done as part of the blood donor qualification

physical examination

questionnaire

what does the physical examination look like?

the phlebotomist looks the patient over to see if they seem healthy.

what is the required minimum age for a blood donor

16

if a person is 16-17 what is needed for the person to be a donor?

parental consent

what is the minimum weight for blood donors

110 lbs

how many mL of blood can we use per one kg that a person weighs

10.5 mL/kg

required FEMALE hematocrit and hemoglobin

HCT: >38%

HGB: 12.5 g/dl

required MALE hematocrit and hemoglobin

HCT: >39%

HGB: 13 g/dl

what is the required systolic blood pressure for blood donation

90-180 mmHg

what is the required diastolic blood pressure for blood donation

50-100 mmHg

what is the required pulse for blood donation?

50-100 BPM

what is the MAX temp that a blood donor can have to give blood?

99.5 F

37.5 C

how many questions are in the base model donor history questionnaire?

41

what is the purpose of the donor history questionnaire

to identify risks for diseases which testing is difficult for

what is the donation interval for whole blood

8 weeks

what is the donation interval for 2 unit red cell collection

16 weeks

what is the donation interval for plasma, single PLT, or leukapheresis

>2 days

what is the donation interval for double or triple PLT pheresis

> 7 days

what are the main kinds of questions on the donor history questionaire

is the donor feeling healthy and well

medication

which medications are contraindicated for blood donation (6)

anti PLT agents

anticoagulants

acne medication

hair loss treatment

HIV prevention

hepatitis exposure (HBIG)

what is the role of aspirin in blood donation?

it is okay for all kinds of donation EXCEPT PLT

what are the general health requirements for blood donation. what must they not have? (7)

major organ disease (heart, liver, lung)

cancer

abnormal bleeding tendency

skin lesions near venipuncture site

pregnancy

transfusion recipient

tissue transplant recipient

how long after pregnancy can someone donate blood?

6 weeks

how long after transfusion or transplantation can someone donate blood?

12 months

how long after receiving human dura mater, pituitary growth hormone can a person donate blood?

they can no longer donate blood

when someone has received a xenotransplantation of live cells/tissue/organs from a nonhuman animal source, how long until they can donate blood?

indefinite

why is the deferral for immunization and vaccination weird

it can be either no deferral of a 12 month deferral depending on the kind of vaccination

which vaccinations have a wait time of 2 weeks (5)

measles

mumps

polio

typhoid

yellow fever

which vaccinations have a wait time of 4 weeks (3)

german measles

chickenpox/shingles

chikungunya

when someone has had an infectious disease, what is the deferral for blood donation? (generally)

indefinite

when someone has a history of chagas disease, can they give blood?

no

when someone has has sex with someone who has hepatitis, how long are they deferred?

12 months

when someone has been incarcerated for >72 hours, how long are they deferred?

12 months

when someone has has babesia, how long are they deferred?

2 years

is there currently a deferral for people with potential exposure to spongiform encephalopathy?

no, it was removed in 2022

when someone has had malaria, when can they donate blood?

after 3 years of being asymptomatic

when someone has lived in an area where malaria is endemic, when can they donate blood?

3 years

when someone has traveled to an area where malaria is endemic, when can they donate blood?

3 months

because of the questionnaire, what is the incidence of infection via blood transfusion?

~1 in a million

what kinds of questions are asked about a potential donors sex life?

if they have had multiple sexual partners

if they engage in anal sex

if someone has has multuple sexula partners or engages in anal sex, how long do they have to wait to donate blood?

3 months

what diseases do we test for after a sample is collected (10)

syphilis

HbsAg

HIV 1/2

HB core antibody

HTLV

HCV

west nile virus

T cruzi (chagas disease)

HBV

babesia

what is the basic test workup for donor blood? (10)

ABO Rh

IAT (Ab screen)

Syphilis

CMV

Hepatitis B and C

HTLV

HIV 1 and 2

west nile virus

T. cruzi

babesia

how often is ABO Rh tested?

it is done on every donation

how often is IAT done?

it is done on every donation

how often is syphilis testing done?

it is done on every donation

how often is hepatitis B tested for?

it is done on every donation

what testing is done for hepatitis B?

antigen (HBsAg)

antibody (anti-HBc)

HVB DNA NAT

when someone has a history of hep B, how long are they deferred for

forever

why is it so important to test Hep B every time?

because 50% of people who have it are asymptomatic

how often is hep C tested for?

it is done on every donation

why is testing for Hep C important?

because many people who are positive are asymptomatic.

how often is human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) tested for?

it is done on every donation

how often is HIV tested for?

it is done on every donation

when someone is positive for HIV, when can they donate blood?

never

how often is west nile virus tested for?

it is done on every donation

why is west nile virus so important to test for?

because 80% of people are asymptomatic

where is T cruzi endemic to

mexico, central america, south america

what are the symptoms of acute T. cruzi

eye swelling

what are the symptoms of chronic T. cruzi

asymptomatic

how often do we test donors for T. cruzi

once

what is CMV

cytomegalo virus

part of the herpes family

what % of adults are infected with CMV by the age of 40

50-80%

how often is CMV tested for?

only test some donors

which patients are at risk for CMV?

fetuses

premature infants

CMV negative recipients of solid organ or allogenic HPC transplant

when a donor sample has undergone leukocyte reduction, is it safe from CMV?

yes

where is babesia endemic to?

northeast and upper midwest

which patients are at risk for babesia?

immune compromised

elderly

asplenic

when someone has tested positive for babesia, how long until they can donate blood?

2 years

what is the basic test workup for donor blood?

ABO Rh

IAT (Ab screen)

Syphilis

CMV

Hepatitis B and C

HTLV

HIV 1 and 2

west nile virus

T. cruzi

babesia

what are some new prevention strategies for infection through transfusion?

pathogen reduction

bacterial cultures on PLT products

infectious disease testing