1: Chemical Reactions
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29 Terms
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
the process by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions
REACTANTS
the starting materials
elements or compounds
reactants can either be?
PRODUCTS
the result of the chemical reaction
PRODUCTS
they have different chemical properties than the reactants
CHEMICAL CHANGE
involves the breaking old and making new chemical bonds to rearrange atoms from the reactants
color change
light formation
gas bubbles
precipitate
temperature change
examples of chemical change
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
LAWS GOVERNING CHEMICAL REACTIONS
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
atoms can neither be created nor destroyed in a given chemical reaction
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
the number of atoms that are present in the reactants has to balance the number of atoms in the products
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
Proust's Law
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
in a given compound, the elements are in a fixed ratio
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
elements in a compound are always going to be in the same mass ratio
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
if the ratio changes, then the compound is considered an entirely different compound
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in simple, whole-number ratios
Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Single Replacement Reaction
Double Replacement Reaction
Combustion Reaction
GENERAL TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Synthesis Reaction
two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product
Synthesis Reaction
also called combination reaction
Synthesis Reaction
A + B -> AB
Decomposition Reaction
the opposite of synthesis reaction
Decomposition Reaction
involves the breakdown of a single complex compound into simpler compounds/elements
Decomposition Reaction
AB -> A + B
Single Replacement Reaction
a type of chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound
Single Replacement Reaction
usually happens in metal and ionic compounds
Single Replacement Reaction
A + BC -> AC + B
Double Replacement Reaction
a type of chemical reaction where compounds undergo exchange of their elements with each other
Double Replacement Reaction
AB + CD -> AD + CB
Combustion Reaction
a rapid chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant (usually oxygen) that releases heat and light
Combustion Reaction
hydrocarbon + O2 -> CO2 + H2O