compsci final

Multimedia

using or encompassing several media (pictures, sounds, music, words)

When was the term “multimedia” coined?

Around 1962

How many seconds to make a good impression? (4 Minute Sell - Janet Elsea)

a. 1-4 seconds

b. 3-6 seconds

c. 7-15 seconds

7-15 seconds

Which 3 of the 5 senses are used for the internet?

Touch, sound, sight

Multimedia Application

program that uses different types of content like text, sound, images, video, and animation to share info or create experiences

4 Multimedia Uses

Inform, Educate, Entertain, and Sell/Run Businesses

What continent has the most Internet users?

a. North America

b. Asia

c. South America

d. Europe

b. Asia

Which continent has the least Internet users?

a. North America

b. South America

c. Europe

d. Australia/Oceania

d. Australia/Oceania

Difference between WWW and the Internet

WWW is the software, Internet is the hardware (the wires, routers, satellites, etc)

When was the first movable type (clay) invented and where?

In China, by Bi Sheng in 1041 AD

When was the ARPANET invented and who was it established by?

1969 - by the US department of Defense

When was the WWW and html and URL invented and by who?

1991, by Tim Berners Lee

What are the CRAP principles?

• Contrast: avoid making two elements similar

• Repetition: repeat some aspect of the design throughout

• Alignment: align items, makes it strong and cohesive

• Proximity: group related items together

What is the definition of Monitor?

Rectangular area (the screen) broken into very small pieces or dots, where each piece/dot can take on a particular colour

What is the definition of Pixels?

Dot on a monitor - can join the dots together to give an illusion of a smooth line (this is the difference between analog and digital)

Resolution

Number of pixels across by number of pixels down

On a 17 inch monitor, will a 800×600 or 1024×768 have bigger pixels? And if we display ‘E’ which one will it look bigger on?

800×600, and 800×600 again because pixels are bigger so everything looks bigger.

Dots

In printing, pixels are called dots. The more dots you have the better the resolution.

Text can be used to serve 2 purposes…

1. Conveys info

2. Can be used as a graphical element

Font type (or typeface or font)

Characters with a common design are grouped into families.

What are the two categories that most fonts are divided into?

• Serif: has a fine line added to finish letter stroke

• Sans Serif: no line added. Best for headlines/headings.

Is times new roman Serif or Sans Serif?

Serif

Is it easier to read mixed case than all uppercase?

Yes

Kerning

Distance between pairs of letters

Tracking

Distance between ALL letters. measured in Ems

Leading

Vertical space between lines of text.

Points

A print unit.

How many pts in one inch?

a. 66 pts

b. 74 pts

c. 72 pts

d. 76 pts

72

Are tracking and leading related?

Yes

What are some of the units of font size?

• Points, Picas (MS word, absolute length)

• Pixels (relative to screen res)

• Percentage, ems (relative to default browser font)

• Inches, cm (absolute length)

How do humans represent costs and quantities?

Decimal numbers

How did we calculate costs before 1600s?

Abacus

How did we calculate costs before 1950s?

Slide rulers

Why is our number system base 10/how did we calculate costs before 2700BC?

Counted on fingers

How does a computer represent numbers/words/images?

0s and 1s - the binary system

If I have a one bit number how many items can I represent?

2 to the power of 1 —> so 2 items.

If I have an 8 bit number how many items can I represent?

256 (or one byte)

How many bits are in 1 byte?

a. 3 bits

c. 6 bits

c. 7 bits

d. 8 bits

8 bits

What is the ASCII code?

Representing characters in binary (8 bits, 1 byte, 256 characters) ex. A = 0100 0001

Binary System

2 binary digits - 0,1,10,11,100,101)

Octal System

8 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,20)

Decimal System

10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

Hexadecimal System

16 digits - (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,10,11,12,13…)

What is 1001 in decimal (binary to decimal conversion)

9

What is 100 in decimal (binary to decimal conversion)

4

Why do computers like binary?

Computer uses electricity, and can distinguish between getting a high volt or low volt. High volt is 1, low volt is 0

Analog to Digital Conversion (2 steps)

1 - Sampling - how often you take a measurement. Breaking something into smaller pieces

2 - Quantizing - how many levels or numbers you use to represent each piece

What are samples on scanners/printers measured as?

Dots per inch (DPI)

If we scan an 8×10 in image at 100 dpi, the image will be ______ pixels.

800,000 pixels

Megapixels

How many millions of pixels a camera uses to capture a photo, More megapixels = more detail, so you can print bigger photos without losing quality.

True or False: DPI/PPI doesn’t affect file size, it only matters when printing,

True

The space an image takes up on your screen depends on ________ and ________, not the ____

Size of image; resolution of screen; not the DPI

Most screens show images at ___ PPI. But if you plan to print it should be ___PPI

72; 300

File size of an image depends on number of _____.

Pixels

What are the two colour models?

• CMYK: Subtractive - for printing (cyan, magenta, yellow, black)

• RGB: Additive - for screens (red, green, blue)

True Colour

Shows up to 16 million colours (2 to power of 24). Two ways to show colour - RGB format (255,0,0) and hex format: #000000. Both represent the same number of colours

Human eye can see less than ___ million colours

a. 20 million

b. 30 million

c. 5 million

d. 10 million

d. 10 million

What colour are <0,0,0> and #000000?

Black

(3) What colour is #00FF00?

Green

(3) What colour is #FAFAFA?

Light grey

(3) What colour is #FFFFFF?

White

(3) Indexed Colour

Uses a limited set of colours (max 256).

(3) What is indexed colour good for?

Clipart, cartoons, icons

(3) What is image bit depth?

If we had 8 bits or 256 different colours, it would be 8 bit depth.

(3) Bitmapped (Raster) Images

Made of pixels (ex. icon = 32 × 32). Enlarging would make jagged edges. Resolution dependent, and all images from cameras/scanners are bitmapped.

(3) Vector Graphics

made of lines, curves, shapes. No distortion when resized. Smaller file size than bitmaps. Used for logos and illustrations.

Common formats: AI, PDF, EPS, SVG

(3) Image Size (File Size)

image width x image height x 3 bytes per pixel (RGB)

(3) Units

1 KB = 1024B, 1MB=1024KB, 1GB=1024MB, 1 TB = 1024GB (can divide by 1000 instead on the exam)

(3) How to download images faster

1 - reduce file size, and 2 compress image.

(3) What are the two compression types?

• Lossless: no quality lost (all original info kept)

• Lossy: some info lost (not noticeable parts). Can’t get info back once discarded.

(3) Web Friendly Compressed formats:

a. GIF, JPG, JPEG, PNG

b. RAW. BMP, JPG, JPEG

c. GIF, RAW, BMP, JPG

a. GIF, JPG, JPEG, PNG

(3) Interpolation

Guessing pixel colours (in bitmapped images)

(3) uncompressed formats

RAW and BMP

(4) Web Server

A computer that delivers (serves up) webpages

(4) Client

The computer that is requesting to see/visit the webpage

Advantages of a web server

Connected, always available, well maintained

True or False: Humans notice brightness more than colour

True

A GIF can only have __ transparent colour

a. 1

b. 3

c. 6

d.8

1

Huffman Code

Fewer bits for common letters

RAW

Very large files, stores info about every pixel one at a time, great detail, but takes up space

Pattern Matching

Finds patterns and replaces them with shorter codes

What is GIF best for?

a. logos, clipart, simple graphics

b. images needing transparency or high quality

a. logos, clipart, simple graphics

What type of compression is GIF?

Lossless

What type of compression is JPG?

Lossy

What type of compression is PNG?

Lossless

Dithering

A way to fake more colours using fewer colours. Places different colours next to each other for illusion of a new one.

Interlacing

A method for loading an image in multiple passes. The image becomes blocky or blurry at first and gradually becomes clear.

Copyright

Your rights to control your works of creative expression. Happens as soon as the pen leaves the paper. If you created it, you own the copyright by default. You can copyright anything tangible.

True or false: it’s a myth that changing a design 20% means you can use it.

True

Network

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

IP

Internet Protocol - routes packets through networks using IP addresses. Process - it determines the best route via routers, and if a route is unavailable TCP retransmits the packet via a different path

Domain Names and DNS

IP addresses are hard to remember so we use domain names. Pupose - maps domain names to IP addresses (like a phone book)

What are examples of TLDs (top level domains)?

.com, .ca

What is an example of a second level domain in google.com?

“google”

What is the subdomain in csd.uwo.ca?

Csd

What is the max amount of levels for a domain?

127 levels

ISPs

Internet Service Providers - provide internet access, email, hosting

Hosting options (2)

1 - Self-host - costly, 24/7 upkeep

2 - web hosts - more reliable, cheaper

IP address

Unique identifier for each machine. 4 numbers with dots between, 0-155.