Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Gametes
Sex cells
Somatic Cells
Cells other than reproductive cells
Locus
term used to tell where a specific chromosome is on a gene
Karyotype
An individual’s complete set of chromosomes
Autosomes
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Haploid Cell
a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes ex. egg/sperm
Zygote
diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum
Mutations
an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism
Asexual Reproduction
A single individual passes all of its genetics to its offspring without the fusion of gamets
Sexual Reproduction
two parents give rise to offspring that have a unique combo of genetic material from both parents
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase I
each chromosome pairs with its homolog and crossing occur, X-shaped regions called chiasmata are sites of crossovers
Metaphase I
homologous chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell, and chromosmes can cross over. the homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase I
homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell, resulting in the separation of the pairs of chromosomes, but the sister chromatids remain attached.
Telophase I
Telophase I is a stage in meiosis where the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cytoplasm begins to divide
Meiosis II
prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. During _______, the sister chromatids separate, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells.
Prophase II
nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes condense, and the spindle apparatus forms. This stage is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the equatorial plane of the cell.
Metaphase II
During ________, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase II
the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell
Telophase II
the chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, and nuclear envelopes start to form around the separated chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells.
Independent assortment of chromosomes
In _________, each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologs into daughter cells independently of the other pairs
Crossing over
________ produces recombinant chromosomes which combine DNA inherited from each parent, contributes to genetic variation by combining DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
Random Fertilization
__________ adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg), The fusion of two gametes produces a zygote with any of about 70 trillion diploid combinations
Trait
Each variant for a character, such as purple or white color for flowers
Character
A heritable feature that varies among individuals (such as flower color)
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a gene that determines a specific trait or characteristic
Phenotype
refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism
Genotype
refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles for a particular trait.
Homozygous
An organism with two identical alleles for a character is called a homozygote
Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is a heterozygote
Barr Body
Deactivated X chromosome in females