African Civiliztions

Early Humans Appearance

Scientists believe early humans appeared in Africa 150,000 to 200,000 years ago.

Hunters and Gatherers

7,000 to 8,000 years ago, humans settled in villages and tamed animals.

1st Civilizations

Civilizations such as Egypt and Kush developed around 5,000 years ago.

Africa's Size

Africa is the second largest continent, with 10% of its land covered by tropical rain forest.

Savannas

Areas north and south of the rain forest characterized by high temperatures and uneven rainfall.

Mediterranean Coast

North coast and southern tip of Africa have a Mediterranean climate.

Great Rift Valley

Location of the earliest human fossils found in Africa.

Nile River

Egypt and Kush flourished along the banks of this river in northern Africa.

Niger River

An important river for west Africa that flows through the west savannas.

Djenne-jeno

Emerging around 250 BCE, it became the largest trading city in west Africa.

Berbers

North African people who crossed the Sahara to trade goods in west Africa.

Ghana Empire

The 1st great trading empire in west Africa located in the Sahel.

Mali Empire

Known for controlling gold and salt trade; centered on farming and agriculture.

Sundiata

'The Lion Prince' who united Mali's people and controlled significant trade routes.

Mansa Musa

The most powerful king of Mali who helped expand the empire and when dead led to its collapse.

Songhai Empire

Began in 1339 and became the largest empire in West Africa.

Islam's Spread in Africa

Muslim traders and rulers facilitated the spread of Islam in Africa through trade.

East Africa Swahili Culture

A blend of African and Muslim cultures found along the eastern coast and Zanzibar.

Bantu Society

Characterized by matrilineal lineage and significant roles for women in family and trade.

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade

Expanded during the Arab conquest between 600 and 700, linking Africa to the Islamic world.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Resulted from European colonization, forcibly bringing millions of Africans to the Americas.

Effects of Slavery on Africa

Led to reduced populations, increased warfare, and devastating effects on African states.

African Art and Music

Included cave art, wood carving, and musical expressions related to culture and slavery.