Ecology and ecosystem

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Ecology

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

Organism

Any living thing

environment

all the living and nonliving things that surround an organism

Biotic

Any part of environment is living

Abiotic

Part of an environment that never live

Euglenoid

a flagellated unicellular algae

Flagella

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

species

A group of organisms that are closed related

community

All the different populations that live together in the same habit

Habitat

The specific environment which organism live in

Ecosystem

A community of biotic organisms and their abiotic environment

Biosphere

The earth and it organism and environment

brine shrimp

Crustaceans that inhabit salt water

Producer

An organism that can make its own food by surrounding energy (plant

Consumer

An organism that eats other organisms

Decomposer

Organism get energy from breaking down remain of dead organisms

Herbivore

A organisms that eats only plants.

Carnivore

Organism that only eat animal

Omnivore

Organism that eat both animal and plant

food chain

Model show how energy move from a producer to more consumer

Food web

Model of energy transfer through food chain

energy Pyramid

model of energy transfer that can show how food chains in community are interconnected

Carrying capacity

amount of organism live in a region if it too big it will die to restore environment

Prey

Organism that get killed eaten by other organism

Predator

Organism that eats all or part of organism

Symbiosis

where two different organism live in close association with each other there are 3 type

Commensalism

Where one organism benefits and the other unharmed

Parasitism

Organism benefit other organism and the other harmed

Mutualism

both organism benefit from each other

Marine ecosystems

ecosystems in the ocean

Plankton

Tiny organism base of the ocean food chain

Phytoplankton

plant plankton (Producer)

zooplankton

animal feed on phytoplankton

Estuary

freshwater from river mixes with salt from ocean

Interidal zone

near the shore: mudflats, sandy beaches wave always crashing on the rock and sand

Neritic Zone

Fater from shore, water deeper, still have enough light

Oceanic zone

The sea floor drops sharply, deep water of the open ocean

Benthic zone

deep sea floor deepest part of benthic zone does not have sunlight

Coral reef

Small animal named coral in Neritic Zone

Ocean deep zone

700-1200 meter bellow surface

Freshwater ecosystems

Include river swamp Some water will move quick other remain stagnate

Wetland ecosystem

Are sometimes underwater or whose soil .

Marsh

A treeless wetland where plant grow vary depending on depth of water

Swamp

Wetland that trees, shrubs, and vine grow

Polar ice

marine system around Arctica antarctica Icy water rich in nutrients

Glacier

large mass ice move slow over land

vally glacier

mountain side g;acier

Contintal glacier

Glacier that cover much of continent or large island

Ice berg

Ice broken of glacier fresh water ice long than 15m

Ice berg claving

ice berg baby The breaking of large ice from edge of glacier

fjord

form by glacier long narrow inlet with steep sides

shoal

Natureal submerged ridge, bank or covered by sand or other loose material

plant succession

replace for one type of plant community by another at a single place over time

Biome

large area of specific type climate and certain plant animal

Desert

area has no life or little long without rain

nocturnal

Organism active at night, sleep during the day

succulent plant

resistance plant water storing leaves (cactus)

Savannah

a grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and seasonal rains

Deciduous forest

Contain deciduous trees (Average rainfall 29.5-49-inch summer 82 F, winter 43 F)

coniferous forest

Have special thick wax leaves (Average rainfall 14 - 29.5 inches) Temperatures summer 57 F, winter 14 F

Tropical rain forest

Forest have more than 100 tree types (Average yearly rainfall 157.5 inches) temperature Day 93 F and Night 68 F

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Any organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell

Genetic Engineering

Methods used to alter the DNA of an organism (2 primary method to alter DNA are insertion and modification

Insertion

Organism is inserted with DNA from another organism

Environmental Problem/solution

The impact of human activities on the environment and how the good and bad effects the competition for energy and resources in ecosystems

Invasive species

Animal that doesn't belong to that area that become problematic

Endangered Species

A species that is a serious risk of extinction

Captive Breeding Program

Breeding and raising organism under conditions

Biodiversity

The number and variety of organisms in a given are/habitat during a specific of time. Habitat is damaged, Biodiversity lost

Littoral zone

Near shore in the lake

Open water zone

More deep but still have sunlight 2nd zone of lake

Benthic zone

Deepest zone in lake