VITAMIN-D

V = ?

Vascular → problems with blood flow, bleeding, or abnormal clotting

I = ?

Infectious (fungal, bacterial, viral, parasitic, protozoal)

T = ?

Trauma → injury?

Toxin → ingestion?

A = ?

Anatomical → congenital abnormalities

Anomalous

M = ?

Metabolic → renal, hepatic, endocrine disease, etc.

Mechanical → intestinal foreign object or obstruction

I = ?

Immune-mediated + Inflammatory

Iatrogenic → “side effect” from treatments or other interventions

Idiopathic → unknown pathogenesis

N = ?

Nutritional → dietary indiscretion

Neoplastic

D = ?

Degenerative

What are other etiological causes to consider?

Stress

Husbandry