AP CS Principles Unit 6 Vocab

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28 Terms

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computing innovation

an innovation that includes a program as an integral part of its function

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personally identifiable information (PII)

information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them

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metadata

data about data

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digital divide

the differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

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computing device

a physical artifact that can run a program

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computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

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computer network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

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redundancy

the inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate failure of a system if other components fail

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fault-tolerant

the term used when a system can support failures and still continue to function

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protocol

an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system

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bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

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routing

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver

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path

is a sequence of directly connected computing devices that begins at the sender and ends at the receiver

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data streams

streams that contain chunks of data, which are encapsulated in packets

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packets

contain a chunk of data and metadata used for routing the packet between the origin and the destination on the Internet, as well as for data reassembly

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World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

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HTTP

a protocol used by the World Wide Web

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sequential computing

a computational model in which operations are performed in order one at a time

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distributed computing

a computational model in which multiple devices are used to run a program

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parallel computing

a computational model where the program is broken into multiple smaller sequential computing operations, some of which are performed simultaneously

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speedup of a parallel solution

the time it took to complete the task sequentially divided by the time it took to complete the task when done in parallel

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public key encryption

encryption that pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption

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multifactor authentication

a method of computer access control in which a user is only granted access after successfully presenting several separate pieces of evidence to an authentication mechanism, typically in at least two of the following categories: knowledge (something they know); possession (something they have), and inherence (something they are)

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malware

software intended to damage a computing system or take partial control over its operation

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computer virus

a malicious program that can copy itself and gain access to a computer in an unauthorized way

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phishing

a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information

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keylogging

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

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rogue access point

a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks