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28 Terms
1
computing innovation
an innovation that includes a program as an integral part of its function
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2
personally identifiable information (PII)
information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them
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3
metadata
data about data
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4
digital divide
the differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics
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5
computing device
a physical artifact that can run a program
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6
computing system
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
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7
computer network
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data
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8
redundancy
the inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate failure of a system if other components fail
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9
fault-tolerant
the term used when a system can support failures and still continue to function
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10
protocol
an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system
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11
bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time
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12
routing
the process of finding a path from sender to receiver
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13
path
is a sequence of directly connected computing devices that begins at the sender and ends at the receiver
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14
data streams
streams that contain chunks of data, which are encapsulated in packets
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15
packets
contain a chunk of data and metadata used for routing the packet between the origin and the destination on the Internet, as well as for data reassembly
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16
World Wide Web
a system of linked pages, programs, and files
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17
HTTP
a protocol used by the World Wide Web
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18
sequential computing
a computational model in which operations are performed in order one at a time
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19
distributed computing
a computational model in which multiple devices are used to run a program
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20
parallel computing
a computational model where the program is broken into multiple smaller sequential computing operations, some of which are performed simultaneously
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21
speedup of a parallel solution
the time it took to complete the task sequentially divided by the time it took to complete the task when done in parallel
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22
public key encryption
encryption that pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption
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23
multifactor authentication
a method of computer access control in which a user is only granted access after successfully presenting several separate pieces of evidence to an authentication mechanism, typically in at least two of the following categories: knowledge (something they know); possession (something they have), and inherence (something they are)
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24
malware
software intended to damage a computing system or take partial control over its operation
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25
computer virus
a malicious program that can copy itself and gain access to a computer in an unauthorized way
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26
phishing
a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information
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27
keylogging
the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information
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28
rogue access point
a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks
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