THANK GOD chp 10

symbolic racism

A tendency to express negative biases held about a racial outgroup. you view them as threatening your way of life, therefore you reject any social policies that benefit this group.

(they dont think they are racist. they dont want to give an advantage to minorities)

prejudice

negative attitude (feeling) on someone solely on the basis of that persons connection to a group

stereotypes

overgeneralized beliefs about the traits and attributes of people in a group

discrimination

negative behaviour (action) towards an individual solely based on their membership in a group

realistic group conflict theory

the theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

terror management theory

proposes that faith in one's worldview provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death

three basic causes of prejudice

hostility plus categorization, ingroup bias, threats to ones worldview

egalitarianism

all people should be given equal opportunities

ambivalent racism

racial attitudes of white Americans that are influenced by: individualism and Egalitarianism. This means white people hold both anti and pro black attitudes at the same time. ex. steve (white man) admits that black people are disadvantaged in many ways and is willing to donate money to organizations, but also believes that black people dont try hard enough to get out of their situation

implicit prejudice

negative attitudes or reactions towards an outgroup, although the individual has no conscious awareness of doing so.

illusory correlation

when someone thinks two things are related, when in reality they arent. or when a person thinks that having membership in a group, means you have a specific type of behaviour when two rare things occur at the same time, we seek out relationships and say they are connected

justification suppression model

people feel free to express stereotypes about outgroup members in order to justify their own negative reactions to them

dehumanization

The tendency to hold stereotypic views of outgroup members as animals rather than humans.

infrahumanization

the perception that outgroup members lack Unique qualities such as complex human emotions, language, and rational intelligence. only their group has these. both groups have basic emotions

sexual objectification

the tendency to think about women in a narrow way as objects rather than full humans. its like their physical appearance is all that matters

ambivalent sexism

pairing of hostile beliefs about women (women are incompetent and push too hard for gender equality), and benevolent beliefs (women are pure and more compassionate then men)

stereotype activation

stereotypes automatically popping into our head whether we want them to or not

ultimate attribution error

the tendency to believe that bad actions by outgroup members occer due to their internal disposition, and good actions due to the situation. they believe its the opposite for their group

scapegoating

act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration (nazi's and Jewish people)

hostility plus categorization

we tend to feel hostility when we are threatened. when we have negative feelings about a person in a group, we overgeneralize those feelings to the whole group

in group bias. we prefer the familiar (including people like ourselves). part of our self esteem comes from being in a group, and saying we are better than the outgroup. when our self worth is threatened, we blame members of other groups

threats to ones worldview

our ethnocentrism leaves us to judge different cultures negatively. our ethnocentrism heightens when we feel vulnerable or feel threatened

authoritarian personality

a personality that favours obedience to authority and dislikes outgroups and those lower in status

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)

an ideology that says the social world is dangerous and to maintain security, we need to uphold order and tradition.they have prejudice against groups seen as dangerous/ could disrupt their security

social dominance orientation (SDO)

the belief that some groups are just better than others, so society should be structured Hierarchically (social and economic status). they are prejudice against groups that they feel threaten the top of the hierarchy, and the low status groups that are "inferior"

institutional discrimination

unfair restrictions on opportunities for certain groups of people through Formal Laws, structural power relations, and institutions. the system disadvantaging certain groups

individualism. each person should be able to make it on his or her own

adversive racism

white people having non-conscious, negative feelings (prejudice) about black people, even though they support racial equality. they unknowingly discriminate and it conflicts with what they support

stereotype

A generalized belief about a group of people

Kernel of truth hypothesis

Stereotypes may stem from some real fact that gets overgeneralized

social role theory

Stereotypes come from roles and behaviors that societal pressures may impose on a particular group

stereotype content model

stereotypes develop based on how groups relate to each other through:

warmth: pity -> disgust

competence: pride -> envy

objectification theory

woman are objectified by being judged based on their physical appearance. it doesnt involve equating women with animals but it denies that women have psychological characteristics

outgroup homogeneity effect

the tendency to view outgroup members as more similar to eachother than they really are. we dont have knowledge about each person so we assume they are all the same

shooter bias

The tendency to mistakenly see objects in the hands of Black men as guns.

linguistic intergroup bias

when people talk about positive behaviours preformed by their group (ingroup), they use abstract terms that gives the sense that it occurs frequently and is not just a one off thing