IGCSE Theme 1 Flashcards: Population and Settlement

Carrying Capacity

The largest population that the resources of a given population can support.

Demographer

People that study human populations.

Population Explosion

The highest population growth rate in the world during the 1960s. It was 2.4% in the less developed world.

Demographic Momentum

This refers to the way population continues to increase by large numbers after high growth rates because there are many women in the childbearing age range.

Birth Rate

Births per 1000 in a population per year.

Death Rate

Deaths per 1000 in a population per year.

Rate of Natural Change

The difference between the death and birth rates.

Net Migration

The difference between immigration and emigration.

Immigration Rate

The number of immigrants per 1000 population entering a receiving country each year.

Emigration Rate

The number of emigrants per 1000 population leaving a country of origin each year.

Rate of Net Migration

The difference between the rate sof emigration and immigration.

Demographic Transition Model

A model used to understand patterns in population change and what causes them.

Demographic Transition

The historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population.

High Stationary Stage

Stage one of the DTM, population growth is slow.
Birth rate is stable, and death rate fluctuates.
Infant mortality is high, and life expectancy is low.
A large proportion of the population is below 15 and society is preindustrial(rural).

Early Expanding Stage

Stage two of the DTM.
Death rate plummets. Because birth rate remains high growth surges.
Infant mortality reduces and life expectancy reaches new highs.
Even more are below 15 and rural-to-urban migration occurs more frequently.

Late Expanding Stage

Stage three of the DTM.
Birth rate begins to decline.
Life expectancy continues to increase; infant mortality continues to decrease.
Urbanization slows and the population ages.

Low Stationary Stage

Stage 4 of the DTM.
Birth and death rates are low. Population growth is slow.
Birth rates fluctuate due to economic conditions. Death rates increase due to an aged population.

Natural Decrease Stage

Stage 5 of the DTM.
The birth rate falls below the death rate.
Without immigration these populations are declining.