Reproductive System

What is part of the Male Structure?

• Testes

• Epidiymis

• Vas Deferens

• Seminal Vesicle

• Prostate

• Penis

Teste

• Primary Male sex organ

What does the penis make

sperm and testosterone

What is the Dartos muscle

it a muscle that contracts and relaxes to keep sperm at optimal temp

What is part of the Sperm Cell

• head

• Midpiece

• Tail (flagellum)

What is part of the head

• nucleus

• Acrosome

What is Acrosome

a cap over the nucleus

• contains enzymes to penetrate egg

What is the Midpiece

It where many mitochondria are for movement

What is the Tail (Flagellum)

propels the sperm toward the egg

Epididymis

collect mature sperm

Vas deferens

sperm travel through this tube, joins with urethra

Vasectomy

The tube is cut to prevent sperm leaving (and fertilizing an egg)

Seminal Vesicle

produces fluid of semen; regulates pH

Prostate

produces nutrient fluid for sperm. It surrounds the urethra

Circumcision

the foreskin is surgically removed, exposing the ends of the penis

What are the Female structure

• ovary

• Uterus

• Fallopian Tubes

• Vagina

• Cervix

What are Ovaries

• 2 solid, oval structures

• Primary female sex organ

What does ovaries produce

It produces eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone

What is the Uterus

Hollow, muscular organ

• Made of:

  • Body

  • Cervix-protrudes into vagina

What happens if there is no fertilized egg reaches the uterus

the lining is shed monthly in a process known as menstruation

What do Fallopian Tubes do

transport ovulated egg from ovary to uterus; fertilization location

What is in the Fallopian Tubes

In the funnel there is finger-like extensions called fimbriae that pick up ovulated egg

What lines the Fallopian Tubes

Cilia line the tube which aid transport of egg

Tubal Ligation

cut and tie tube to prevent pregnancy

Vulva

external female part

Vagina

tube that leads from vulva to cervix

What is Endometrium

uterine lining

What happens when DNA from both parents create

the Zygote

When does Ovulation occur

around day 14

How many chromosomes do you get from your parents

23

How many chromosomes in total are there in a Zygote

there is 46

How long does an egg live in the Fallopian Tubes

survives for 12-24 hours

How long does sperm survive in the female tract

5 days

Where does fertilization occur normally

in the Fallopian Tubes

What is the pregnancy called when the baby grows in the Fallopian Tubes

ectopic pregnancy (very dangerous)

Implantation

nestling of the blastocyst into the endometrium

How long is pregnancy

40 weeks, but actually 38 wk)

Prenatal period

fertilization to birth

Embryo stage

0-8 wks

Fetus Stage

end of 8th - birth

Postnatal Period

birth - death

Pregnancy Test

test urine for hCG levels

Amniotic Fluid

protects and cushions embryo, keep constant temperature

Placenta

contains embryonic and maternal portions; supplies nutrients/removes waste

Umbilical Cord

connects embryo to placenta transports blood

What is the embryo called when its 8 wks

fetus

What kind of feedback is pregnancy labor

positive feedback

Cesarean Section

baby is surgically removed from the mother

What can be used to manage pain of labor

epidural

Episiotomy

Surgically incision to the perineum- the tissue between the anus and vagina

• creates more space for vaginal delivery

Breech Birth

are dangerous for baby because the head can get stuck or umbilical cord gets tangled

Problems with getting pregnant

Affects 1-6 people worldwide

What can help with getting pregnant

• Medications and timed intercourse

• IUI

• IVF

IUI

man’s sperm is collected and placed directly in uterus

IVF

removal of egg and fertilization in a petri dish, embryos, are put back into the uterus

What is the first step of IVF

Hormone injections to collect eggs

What is the second step of IVF

Fertilization of egg with sperm in the lab

What is the third step of IVF

Embryos divide a number of times

What is the fourth step of IVF

Embryo(s) transferred uterus