Missed Questions Net+

De-encapsulation occurs when data travels in which direction through the OSI model?

Layer 1 → Layer 7 at the receiving/destination device

SaaS provides what through the internet?

Applications/software

What cloud connectivity option provides a dedicated private connection between an organization's data center and the cloud?

Direct Connect

What IP addressing technology allows a /24 network to be divided into smaller subnets?

Classless addressing

Multicast sends traffic to whom?

A specific group of subscribed/requesting receivers

Anycast sends an IPv6 packet to whom?

The nearest interface sharing the anycast address

What is the key difference between multicast and anycast?

Multicast → group of receivers; Anycast → nearest receiver

Which cable supports up to 1 Gbps and is the least expensive option that meets a 750 Mbps requirement?

Cat 5e

Which technology was specifically designed to use existing cable TV infrastructure for high-speed data?

DOCSIS

Which WAN connection provides a dedicated physical connection with consistent bandwidth and low latency?

Dedicated leased line

Which protocol provides redundancy for the default gateway?

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)

What does FHRP provide?

Default gateway redundancy/failover

What two factors make up EIGRP's default composite metric?

Bandwidth and delay

What is the general value used by a routing protocol to determine the best path?

Metric

What is the difference between a metric and administrative distance?

Metric selects the best path within a routing protocol; administrative distance compares routes learned from different routing sources

What wireless standard uses 2.4 GHz and supports up to 54 Mbps?

802.11g

What does channel bonding improve?

Connection speed/throughput

What type of network diagram shows physical devices and cabling over an office floor plan?

Physical network diagram

What policy must users accept before using a company's network/internet?

AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)

What network metric measures the actual amount of data successfully transferred per unit of time?

Throughput

Bandwidth vs. throughput?

Bandwidth = theoretical/maximum capacity; throughput = actual successful transfer rate

What type of sensor captures and analyzes network packets?

Packet capture sensor/network sniffer

What DNS record specifies a host and port for a specific service?

SRV

What DNS record is used for reverse DNS lookups?

PTR

What DNS record identifies the authoritative source for a domain's DNS information?

SOA

What DNS record can contain text entered by a domain administrator?

TXT

An attacker redirects a specific victim's Layer 2 traffic through the attacker's computer by manipulating IP-to-MAC mappings. What attack is this?

ARP spoofing

Why is the attack above ARP spoofing rather than IP spoofing?

ARP spoofing manipulates IP-to-MAC mappings at Layer 2; IP spoofing manipulates source IP information at Layer 3

Where should an internet-facing web server be placed when it must be isolated from the internal network?

DMZ

If internet traffic must reach a DMZ web server, what direction should the firewall rule allow?

PUBLIC/Internet → DMZ

What technology can use GPS information to verify that an authenticated user is physically near a specific location?

GPS location

What technology identifies endpoint characteristics during network authentication?

NAC (Network Access Control)

Which cable type is immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI)?

Fiber optic

In a high-EMI environment, fiber vs. shielded twisted pair?

Fiber provides the best EMI protection because it is immune to EMI

802.11b and 802.11g use what frequency?

2.4 GHz

If a wireless network's SSID isn't appearing during a scan, what should you suspect?

SSID broadcast is disabled

If your laptop cannot see ANY Wi-Fi networks but everyone else's devices work, what should you check first?

The laptop's wireless switch/adapter

What are runts?

Ethernet frames smaller than the minimum allowed frame size (64 bytes)

What can cause runts?

Collisions or transmission errors

What is a giant?

An Ethernet frame larger than the maximum allowed frame size

What command determines the path/hops packets take to a remote host?

traceroute (Linux/macOS); tracert (Windows)

What does ping tell you?

Whether a destination responds and the round-trip time

What does traceroute tell you that ping doesn't?

The path/hops packets take through the network

What term in this test describes a port that isn't passing traffic because of an invalid VLAN configuration?

Suspended

What is the difference between a disabled port and a suspended port according to this test?

Disabled = intentionally shut down; suspended = not passing traffic due to the described configuration issue

A device has an IP address outside the organization's assigned IP range. What is the likely problem?

Incorrect IP address assignment

A branch router has working local connectivity and active internet service but cannot reach the internet. What routing configuration should you check?

Default route

What does a default route provide?

A path for packets when no more-specific route exists

What is NAT's basic function?

Translates between private and public IP addresses

What is DHCP relay used for?

Forwarding DHCP requests between networks when the DHCP server isn't on the local network

Unicast vs. multicast vs. broadcast vs. anycast

Unicast = one sender → one receiver; Multicast = one sender → selected group; Broadcast = one sender → everyone on the IPv4 network; Anycast = one sender → nearest member of an IPv6 group

"Nearest receiver" in IPv6 → ?

Anycast

"Selected/subscribed group of receivers" → ?

Multicast

"Everyone on the network" → ?

Broadcast

"One sender and one receiver" → ?

Unicast

"Actual data successfully transferred" → ?

Throughput

"Theoretical maximum data rate" → ?

Bandwidth

"Time required for data to reach the destination" → ?

Latency

"Variation in packet delay" → ?

Jitter

"Bandwidth + delay" → ?

EIGRP

"Default gateway redundancy" → ?

FHRP

"Service + host + port" → ?

SRV

"Reverse IP → hostname lookup" → ?

PTR

"Find the path through routers" → ?

Traceroute

"Too-small Ethernet frame" → ?

Runt

"Internet-facing server isolated from internal network" → ?

DMZ

"Existing coax/cable TV infrastructure" → ?

DOCSIS

"High EMI environment" → ?

Fiber

"2.4 GHz + 54 Mbps" → ?

802.11g

"Combine wireless channels to increase throughput" → ?

Channel bonding

"User must agree to acceptable network use" → ?

AUP