Chapter 8 [Oxidation/Reduction, Energy+Enzymes,

Which of the following is a form of potential energy?

Chemical Bond

Which of these bonds has the LOWEST potential energy?

C-O

(You can tell which bond has the lowest potential energy just by looking at the periodic table. Electronegativity, or an atom's ability to attract electrons, increases as you move from left to right across a period and from bottom to top within a group. This means oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, and nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon.)

In a reaction, the products have a higher free energy than the reactants. Which of the following is NOT true?

deltaG is negative

In which of the following chemical bonds is carbon the most reduced?

C-C

The carbons in CO2 are more _______ compared to the carbons in glucose.

Oxidized

In cellular respiration, glucose is _______ to form CO2 and oxygen is ______ to form water.

oxidized; reduced

Which of the following is the oxidized form of the electron carrier?

NAD+

NADH has an extra "H+" that has travelled with the electron. More electrons = more reduced, so NAD+ (without the electron and H+) is the oxidized form.

Q//Anabolic and catabolic reactions: which one do you think is endergonic, and which one do you think is exergonic?

Anabolic reactions are endergonic, while catabolic reactions are exergonic.

Anabolic reactions are endergonic because they build larger molecules from smaller ones and require an input of energy to form new bonds. In contrast, catabolic reactions are exergonic because they break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy that the cell can use.

A reaction that breaks down a protein into individual amino acids would be...

Catabolic

What part of ATP stores a lot of potential energy?

phosphate groups

Which of the following is true about ATP in chemical reactions?

-ATP generates a phosphorylated intermediate of the reaction, which has higher free energy than the reactants themselves

-ATP raises the potential energy of the reactants as a whole

Which form of an electron carrier can supply elections to a process (in cellular respiration, the electron transport chain)?

Reduced Form

Select all of the reduced electron carriers below

-FADH2

-NADH

Is cellular respiration an endergonic or exergonic process?

Exergonic

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

-Enzymes catalyze biological reactions

-Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction

How do enzymes catalyze reactions?

-Enzymes stabilize the transition state of a reaction

-Enzymes can bring reactants together

Where do substrates bind in an enzyme?

Active Site

What can affect enzymatic activity?

-temperature

-pH

-salt concentration

True or False? Enzymes can be regulated by their environment, but their chemical bonds are never changed.

False

The enzyme DNase needs a Mg2+ ion in order to function. In this case, Mg2+ would be a...

Cofactor

The activity of an enzyme is decreased when a small regulatory molecule binds to a part of the enzyme away from the active site. This regulatory molecule must be a...

Allosteric Inhibitor

Which of the following is true about feedback inhibition?

-A product of a reaction acts as an allosteric inhibitor

-A product of a reaction inhibits an enzyme someone in the pathway of the product's own synthesis