Honors Chem: Chapter 8 Vocab - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

coordinate covalent bond

Forms when one atom donates a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to become stable

covalent bond

A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons

endothermic

A chemical reaction or process in which a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the product molecules

exothermic

A chemical reaction or process in which more energy is released than is required to break bonds in the initial reactants

hybridization

A process in which atomic orbitals are mixed to form new, identical hybrid orbitals

lewis structure

A model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons are arranged in molecules; pairs of dots or lines represent bonding pairs

molecule

Forms when two or more atoms covalently bond and is lower in potential energy than its constituent atoms

oxyacid

Any acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion

pi bond

A bond that is formed when parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons

polar covalent bond

A type of bond that forms when electrons are not shared equally

resonance

Condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure exists for the same molecule

sigma bond

A single covalent bond that is formed when an electron pair is shared by the direct overlap of bonding orbitals

structural formula

A molecular model that uses symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms; can be predicted for many molecules by drawing the Lewis structure

VSEPR model

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom