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sections
what is nerve centre
types of nerve centres
brain circulation
metabolic factors that affect cerebral blood flow
effects of decreased O2
effects of higher pCo2
cerebrospinal fluid
what is nerve centre
A nerve centre is an area, commonly in either a plexus or ganglion that organise a reflex.
Receptor→ nerve centre→ effector
types of nerve centres
Respiratory centre- nerve centres in the brainstem controlling aspects of respiration
Cardiovascular centre- --located in brainstem, gets input from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, controls heart rate, blood pressure etc
Feeding centre- group of cells in the hypothalamus which when stimulated cause hunger.
Pontine micturition centre → brain stem → relaxes urethral sphincter → micturition
Nerve centre can be found in the brain stem and spinal cord segments
brain circulation
The normal flow of blood within the brain is 50-65 ml of blood/100g of brain tissue/minute.
Cerebral blood flow is related to the metabolic activity of the tissue.
Brain requires glucose
metabolic factors that affect cerebral blood flow
Co2 concentration
H+ ion concentration
O2 concentration
effects of decreased O2
Decreased O2 conc. – leads to hypoxia- causes respiratory distress
If blood flow becomes insufficient to supply the brain of the needed amount of oxygen
oxygen deficiency mechanisms cause vasodilation.
Increasing CBF and returning O2 levels to normal.
Low levels have proven to cause coma and diminished neural activity.
effects of higher pCo2
increase in arterial PCo2 increases CBF.
CO2 combines with water in the body fluids to form carbonic acid, → dissociates to form H+ ions
The H+ ions are used for vasodialation of cerebral levels
Vasodilation is needed to remove excess CO2 due to its harmful neural effects.
cerebrospinal fluid
Clear and colourless fluid
Produced by choroid plexus –mainly 3rd ventricle
Choroid plexus produces approx. 500 *-ml of CSF per day.
100-160ml is present at each time
Cushions brain from impact and nutritive, shock absorber
Arachnoid granulations drain CSF
CSF flows throughout the in the brain ventricles and into spinal cord, clearing the metabolic waste from CNS through the blood-brain barrier.