5.1 Phospholipids

Chapter 5 biology 1230

What is the main fabric of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids which are amphipathic

What makes up the hydrohilic head?

• Glycerol

• Phosphate group (polar)

What makes up the hydrophobic tail?

2 two fatty acid chains that are nonpolar, each fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated

Carbons are saturated with H when…

There’s all single C-C bonds

Carbons are unsaturated when…

there’s atleast one double C=C bond occurs

Phospholipid bilayers…

Polar heads face outward and hydrophilic tails face inward

What are proteins?

The second major component of membranes, they can be transporters, receptors, enzymes or function in binding and adhesion

Integral proteins…

Are integrated completely in the bilayer and have one or more regions that are hydrophobic and others that are hydrophilic

Peripheral proteins…

occur only on the surfaces

What are carbohydrates?

Third major component and are bound to either proteins or to lipids

What affects membrane fluidity?

• Phospholipid type

• Temperature

• Cholestrol

What makes the cell membrane a fluid character?

A mosaic of components of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates

What are transmembrane proteins?

Integral proteins that pass completely through the phospholipid bilayer

When carbohydrates are bound to proteins what’s formed?

Glycoproteins

When lipids are bound to carbohydrates what’s formed?

Glycolipids

What is membrane fluidity?

When the membrane needs to be flexible but not so fluid it cannot maintain it’s structure