Module 13: Proteins

Proteins

Proteins

are high molecular weight organic compounds made up of amino acids joined together by peptide linkages in a sequential order.

Proteios

proteins came from what Greek word?

Johannes Mulder

Who came up with the name protein from a Greek word “proteios"

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

are important components of living structures that provide mechanical support to living bodies and provide them outer covering for protection.

Collagen

makes up the fibrous connective tissues in bones and cartilages

Elastin

makes up the elastic connective tissues in the skin, ligaments and blood vessels

Keratin

serves like a laminating material in the hair, nails, feathers, hooves and skin of animals

Sclerotin

makes up the exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods

STORAGE PROTEINS

also known as nutrient proteins

STORAGE PROTEINS

they serve as potential sources of biochemical energy and proteins, especially amino acids, for the maintenance of good health and for proper growth and living, especially infants or embryos

Ovalbumin

found in eggs

Casein

found in milk

Gliadin

found in wheat

Zein

found in corn

Ferritin – iron

iron containing protein found in lean meat

ENZYMES

organic or biological catalysts that enhance or stimulate particular chemical reactions involved in important metabolic processes

Cytochrome oxidase

responsible for the transport of electrons

Ribonucleases

used for the hydrolysis of RNA

Sucrase

– used for the hydrolysis of sucrose

Alcohol dehydrogenase

used for the fermentation of ethanol

Trypsin

hydrolyzes the polypeptide chain from the carboxyl end of arginine and lysine

Chymotrypsin

hydrolyzes the polypeptide chain from the carboxyl end of phenylalanine and tyrosine

HORMONES

chemical transmitter substances secreted by endocrine glands that has specific regulatory effects as to stimulate or retard life processes

Insulin

regulates the entry of glucose molecules to red blood cells

Growth hormone

promotes growth of muscles and bones

ACTH (adenocorticotropic hormone)

regulates the synthesis of corticosteroids

adenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH means?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) / Vasopressin

promotes reabsorption of water from the kidneys, thus retards diuresis or urination

Vasopressin

other name for ADH

antidiuretic hormone

ADH means?

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

also known as carrier proteins,

Transport proteins

they deliver other important substances needed by a living body from a certain source to its proper site for storage or utilization in metabolic processes

Transcobalamin

transports vitamin B12 or cobalamin in the bloodstream

Transferrin

transports iron in the bloodstream

Ceruloplasmin

transports copper in the bloodstream

Lipoproteins

carrier molecules of lipids, primarily triglycerides and cholesterol

Hemoglobin

carries oxygen in the blood of vertebrates

Hemocyanin

carries oxygen in the blood of invertebrates

Myoglobin

transports oxygen in the muscle tissues

CONTRACTILE PROTEINS

proteins necessary for all forms of movement, voluntary or involuntary

Myosin

found in the thick and stationary filaments in the myofibril of skeletal muscles necessary for contraction

Actin

found in the thin and moving filaments in the myofibril of skeletal muscles necessary for contraction

Dynein

found in the locomotory appendages of microorganisms like the cilia and flagella

PROTECTIVE PROTEINS

they help the body to recover from injury like in the healing of wounds and to increase resistance or induce immunity from infectious diseases

Fibrinogen

precursor for fibrin threads necessary for blood clotting

Prothrombin

proenzyme of thrombin that converts fibrinogen into fibrin

Complement

set of proteins which aids in the formation of antigen – antibody (immune) complexes

Immunoglobulins

also known as antibodies

Immunoglobulins

produced by plasma cells used to protect the body from various types of infections