MIS Midterms Reviewer

End-User Computing (EUC)

Computer systems and platforms that allow non-programmers (the End-users) to create working applications and outputs.

End-User Development (EUD)

A practice in EUC that allows end-users to develop their information systems with support from IT professionals and developers.

Office Automation

The complete integration of basic office requirements for a department, including word processing and communications.

Office Information System (OIS)

An information system using software, hardware, and networking to improve workflow and communication of office workers.

Fourth-Generation Programming Languages

Programming languages that allow end-users to develop their computing solutions and consolidate them into small information systems.

Application Packages

Pre-written software packages that support standard business functions such as payroll and scheduling.

Virtual Desktops

Cloud-based computing solutions commonly offered as 'as-a-service' that enhance mobility and connectivity.

Data Handling Tools

Tools used for managing data, including spreadsheets, statistical packages, and databases.

Electronic Communication

Software that allows the sending of information through communication links, such as e-mail and instant messaging.

Project Management Software

Software that helps users identify project tasks, manage relationships and resources, and track progress.

Electronic Communication System

An information system that provides fast and inexpensive communication channels using telephony, computing hardware, networks, and the Internet.

Synchronous Communication

Requires members to be available at the same time to communicate, examples include chat rooms and audio/video teleconferencing.

Asynchronous Communication

Does not require members to be available at the same time, examples include forums, email, and online bulletin boards.

Electronic Conferencing

A mostly synchronous component of an electronic communication system that facilitates collaboration through Internet-based technologies.

Point-to-Point Conferencing

A type of electronic conferencing involving only two points, similar to telephone calls.

Multipoint Conferencing

A type of electronic conferencing that involves multiple points and allows simultaneous collaboration among many members.

Electronic Meeting System

A component of electronic communications systems that assists in creating, organizing, and facilitating meetings.

Electronic Discussion

An information system that facilitates textual or non-textual discussions between members using electronic mediums.

Pull Technologies

Require a user to do something to access the discussion, such as logging in to an online forum.

Push Technologies

Do not require actions from a user as information is pushed to them, regardless of their participation.

Telecommunication

Sharing information over a distance using electronic/digital resources like telephony, fax, e-mail, and the Internet.

Internal, Downward Communication

Information circulated within a business, originating from managers and cascading down to various departments.

Internal, Upward Communication

Communication where subordinates send information up the hierarchy to managers or executives.

Internal, Lateral Communication

Telecommunication among co-workers or members within the same department or at the same organizational level.

External Communication

Any telecommunication that leaves the organization, typically involving customers, vendors, or partners.

Networking

Methods used by businesses to disseminate information, connecting various aspects of the organization for process streamlining.

Wheel Network

A communication network where one member can send or receive communication, efficient but may hinder larger groups.

Chain Network

A communication network that allows members to communicate in a set sequence following the organizational hierarchy.

Circle Network

A network allowing communication between superiors and subordinates while including cross-communication at operative levels.

Star Network

An 'All-Channel' network where all members can communicate with each other, allowing for high participation.

E-Business

An electronic business system using controlled technologies for efficient execution of business activities.

Operation Cost Reduction

Decreasing operational costs through automation and online connectivity, minimizing traditional communication charges.

Customer Service Efficiency

Improving customer service through e-business technologies that enhance reach, speed, and reliability.

Wider Market Access

Utilizing e-business for broader outreach and tailored services suited to diverse clients.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

A system designed to record, process, and store transactions in various business functional areas.

Internal Transactions

Transactions that occur within a company, related to its internal processes.

External Transactions

Transactions with external sources, such as purchasing and sales systems.

Operational Information System

An information system that records, processes, and reports routine activities across various departments.

Data Entry

The process of inputting transaction data into the system for processing purposes.

Data Validation

The process of ensuring accuracy and reliability of data through error detection and correction.

Output Generation

The process of communicating processed data to decision-makers in formats like documents and reports.

Query Support

Facilities that allow users to process and retrieve data within an information system.