Midterm Exam 1

Call and Response

From the communal work songs.

(Song: Rosie)

Field Holler

Another work song

long distance, trying to communicate with someone far away. Start high in range and get lower as the song progresses

Work Songs

Songs created to accompany any physical labr

Blue Notes

Usually the third and seventh note of a scale.

They sound “out of tune” but not out of tune.

Using a different system of intonation

Polyrhythms

More than one rhythmic unit that happen simultaneously.

Associated with rural blues style

See it in boogie woogie piano

Blues text form

AAB

line of text

line of text again

closing thought

all 12-bar blues follow this

Slapped bass

Percussive sound of the string from the bass

pulled away to fall back

ticking sound

Memphis country rock

bill Haley and the comets

Walking Bass

plays a new note on every beat

hear it during solos where there are instrumental solos

listen to the bass line

Tonic

built on 1 scale

Dominant

5 scale

subdominant

4 scale

two-beat bass

foiled or walking bass. walking bass is more complicated.

alternates between 2 notes on the first and third beat.

Ostinato

boogie woogie

a stubborn on the left hand

they don’t want to move

where you have this group of notes that is repeating bass line. over and over again.

right hand is improvising over the left hand

downbeat

beats 1 and 3

Backbeat

beats 2 and 4

Turnaround

End of the 12 bar blues when you have a little bit of extra music

indicates that the song is not over yet

when you briefly slip in another dominant before you go all the way back to the beginning of the 12 bar blues to start it again

Race records

Given to this fell out of fashion as the charts started overlap a little bit more

early term for recordings of African American musicians that were targeted to be sold to audiences

large umbrella term for various types of blues.

Slide guitar

A thing (bottle or metals or sleeves) put over the finger to push down the strings to slide it up and down. has a very distinctive sound

came originally from mississpi delta rural blues

country string band

What wouldn’t or would be in there

fiddle, acoustic bass, guitar, mandolin, banjos, lap steel guitar

Not in country string band: Drums, and anything electric

Barrelhouse rhythm

term for juke joint. bear holes that boogie woogie would have been heard in. It comes from the barrel of beer in the establishment.

It is a triple subdivision that you can play all three of them, hear one and three, so it sounds like a slow rhythm

Shouter and smooch tenor

From jump blues

is the one in the risky songs (big ten-inch records)

going to do more lovey Dovey songs.

The jump blue bands had two singers one of each of these.

Carter cratch

A sort of old timey way of playing the guitar

where the thumb on the low strings is plucking the melody

The rest of the chorus is being brushed with your fingers on the higher strings

Standard song form

go to another key and then go back again

the defining feature the bridge leans to parts from the orginal notes in some way

Strophic song form

Same thing happens over and over again

the lyrics change

the decorations change

the films are going to be different

turnaround is going to be different

underlying harmonic structure is going to be the same over and over again

we have two things together that are going to be exactly. verse and chorus- repeats

Riff

one upper projection playing this tiny melodic music that repeat, but it isn’t a ostinato bass line.

it is a little piece of something that repeats. we heard this in chuck berry.

Double stops

highly associated with Chicago style urban blues, and rock roll

hold down two strings at once multiple stops if you hold more than two

Bent notes

highly associated with Chicago style urban blues, and rock roll

push the strings sideways and it bends to a different pitch

let it go and it bends back

Clave rhythm

associated with bo diddley

groups of five beats divided into three and two

Reverb

associated with bo diddley

physical mechanism

two springs inside of the box and the soundwaves travel up and down the springs are what makes that sound of the reverb

Double tracking

This is the idea of laying a track down and making another recording and line it up together

explore by eddy Cockram- or something

Also, what buddy Holley used to make a reverb effect.

Wall of sound

large ensembles, heavy layering, and echo to create a dense, immersive, orchestral-like sound

W.C Handy

Father of the blues

important composer of blues

credited with codifying 12-bar blues as a form

rural blues

Jackie Brenston

And his delta cats

His first song about a car

uses distortion on electric guitar

Recorded at sun studios

rhythm and blues

frequently cited as a contender for the first rock and roll song

88 rockets

Scotty Moore

session with elvis presley

played on the guitar

Sam Philips

Sun studio

Memphis country rock

the success was helped by Elvis

slapback ech effect

Norman Petty

that’ll be the day was recorded this studio in clovis, NM

petty was a “shrewd” businessman

Willie Mae Thorton

Gospel background, self taught drummer, strongly influenced by Bessie smith

Hound dog

imitations of dog howls and barks

rhythm & Blues

Cosimo Matassa

studio heyday

use of room acoustics for live sound

no overdubbing effects

strong drums, vocal lead, heavy guitar, bass piano, and light horns

J&M Recording studio

new orleans

Bill Black

bass player for elvis presley

Phil & Leonard Chess

owned chess records and its subsidiart label checker

Phil Spector

session player for leiber and stoller

composing and arranging and producing recorders for leiber and stoller

producing girl groups

vocal groups

created wall of sound

he is evil

Alan Freed

radio DJ in cleaveland

Moondhog house

payolla

begginning of rock n roll

Dave Bartholomew

composer, arranger, producer, trumpet, vocals

became the house band at J&M studio

New orleans rock and roll

Colonel Tom Parker

took over as elvis manager

oversaw buyout by RCA from Sun

Contract specified that presley must be named as a co-composer of every song he recorded

Bob Wills

light crust doughboys

his texas playboys

moved home base to oklahoma

added horns, drumes, steel guitar, and piano

decline in populatiy post-WWII

western swing

Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller

worked with phil spector

song writing duo