L.T. 3.9 social learning, cognitive factors

Biopsychosocial

Our learning results from environmental experiences, cognitive influences and biological

Cognitive Constraints

There is more to learning than just associating a response with a consequence

Cognitive Map

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment

Latent Learning

Hidden learning. Learning that becomes obvious only once a reinforcement is given for demonstrating it

Insight

a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid the threatened punishment

Contingency Model of Classical Conditioning

Things are paired, Togetherness, A is contingent upon B when A depends on B

Robert Rescorla

created contingency model of classical conditioning. Researched learning. Help bridge the gap between behaviorism and cognition

Edward Tolman

created latent learning and cognitive maps. Cognitive maps (mental representations). Rats running mazes. Suggest that the rats made a mental representation of the maze

Abstract Learning

Understanding concepts and categories. Skinner’s pigeons showed this with pecking at the shapes

Insight Learning

Suddenly able to see the solution to the problem. wolfgang kohler

Wolfgang Kohler

came up with insight learning. Work with chimpanzees. Occurs when you one suddenly realizes how to solve a problem

Observational Learning

created by Albert Bandura. Modeling: observation & imitation. Results of Bobo the doll: The children who had witnessed aggressive behavior exhibited similar aggressive behavior

Albert Bandura

created observational learning. Bobo the doll experiment. Species-specific (occurs between the same species)

Social learning theory

we learn social behavior through observing and imitating others; we don’t have to experience the consequence ourself

Modeling

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Vicarious reinforcement & punishment

by watching models we learn to anticipate behavior’s consequences; we identify with them in some way

Mirror Neurons

brain mirrors another person’s actions

Prosocial Behavior

positive, constructive, helpful behavior

Antisocial Behavior

negative, destructive, harmful behavior