Psych Midterm 2 (Health & Stress + Social)

YUMMERs

Health psychology

study of how psychology effect our psychological and physical well being

Biopsychosocial model

wellbeing is effected by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors

Long Term cosequnces of stress

Burnout and PTSD

Burnout

Longterm exhausion and loss of motivation caused by chronic stresss

PTSD

disnosable disorder characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, and insomnia after a traumatic event

Stress

Physiological response to an event that is appraised (judged) as taxing or exceeding one’s abolity to adapt and is magified by soical context

Stress appraisal theory

The cause of the stress reaction is one’s interpretaion of an event

Primary appraisal

evaluation of situation demands: challenging? threatening?

Secondary apprasial

Evaluation of available resources: do we have enough to deal with the threat/challenge? (insufficient resource —> stress response)

Siuations toat lead to stress reponse

Psychological uncertainty / Time pressure / Goal conflict

Psychological uncertainty

Inability to predict what will happen next or what outcome an action will have

Time pressure

Having to make complex decisions under time pressure or with insufficient information

Goal conflict

Stuck betwene two goals

Approach Approch

Wanting 2 opposite desireable things

Avoidanec Avoidance

choosing between 2 bad things :(

Approach Avoidence

A single goal that has both good and bad

Stress response

a set of physocialogial reposnes to stress (Two pathways - SAM, HPA axis)

SAM axis(sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis)

fast reaction beginning in the hypothalammus, activates symathetic system through the adrenal gland, releases catecholamines (Epinerphine and norephephrine)

Epinephrine/ Adrenaline

secreated by adremal gland, avtivates sypathetic system, pump more blood, sweat more, prime your body. MAIN EFFECTS ON BODY

Norepinephrine

secreated by adremal gland, avtivates sypathetic system, hypertension, hyperfocus. MAIN EFFECTS ON BRAIN

What do catecholamines do

ACTIVATE FIGHTOR FLIGHT

HPA axis

Slow reaction, beginnign at hypothalamus —> ACTH —> adrenal gland —> glucocorticoids

Cotisol

Stress hormone released through the HPA, secreted by the adrenal gland

Cortisol fucntions

Regulate energy use by increasing glucose, impvoes brain fuction and speeds up healing also suppresses the immune digenstn, sex and stuff the r less imroatnt

slow but sticks around longer

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):

3-stage response to stress

Alarm phase

Activates sympathitic system and ge ready to cope with stroor

Resistance phase

inresponse to prolonged threath, cortisol is gogo (other stuff is gone alread) ongoing

Exhaustion phase

can no longer deal wigh stressors susceptible to long term consiqunes

social component of stress

social context can help enhence or slow down stress res[once

amplification

other ppl give u more stress

coping

other ppl help you cope with stressor

environmental effect on stress

good predictor for long term stress

how does this shit help (the chemicals in ur brain)

attention up, encoding memmory up, conserve Enregy

Good stress/Eustress

short term stress good for you, sometimes importna t for survival. (enjoy? kinky:)

Bad stress / disrtess

chonic, prolonged (beyond alarm, exhausted, TIRED AF)

STRESS

we did this to ourselves as a society

biopsycosocial

health is a combo of bio, psyco, and social facotrs

biological model of disease

health is a consequence of biological factor

biological effects

can be inhibited or magnified by social and psycho factors

biopsycosocial model doesn’t claim

failing to get better = ur fault

diseases are caused by bad thinking

positive thinking can cure ur depresed ass

psychocosial factors can predict

health issues

poison ivy study

touch them skin with ivy (ppl who thought was harmless hurt less)

marrow transplant

ppl who cope better experience less surgery pain (yeouch)

health benefits of stress

increase resilience

chronic stress has negative health outcomes

altered brain'

CVD

Immune dysfunction

shitting issue

Aging

PFC

part of the brain that does impulse control (smaller if stressed)

inflammation

release of sytokines to fight bad bitches

stress=

cytokines dysregulation=more INFLAMMATION (make many things worse)

CHD

heart blood supply blocked, predictable by stress, lead to Heart Attack

cortisol

reduce liver function

prolonged blood pressure

damage heart

stressin heart

many heart attack

acute stress

increase HRs

stress mask

oncoming Heart Attack

baboon TB finding

alpha baboon (aggressive) die easy

type A personality

ambitious driven, controlling and aggressive

IBD

pain, damage to intestine, chronic fatigue (loop, cause stress and increase IBD)

Peptic Ulcer

lesion in stomach, cause by bacteria

telomere

prevent chromosome from fraying

telomorase

rebuild telomere

less telomere

= faster aging

chronic stress=

less telomerase

telomersase

Rebuilds telemores and slows aging

Avoidnce coping

Minimise stress by distancing (can backfire)

Avoidence backfire, leading to

substance use, stress eating, lack of coping practive

lack of coping practive

avoidence coping dosnet allow us to discormore and pracice coping strageties

Learned hlplessness

Becomes convicned they ahve no control, failing to change evne when given opprotunity

test with hard qustions first

(leanred helpessness) students do more poorly

Nurisng home stuy

seniors in low-quality nursing homes rarely engage with novel activities, but increase exploration if they are introduced under the frame of “you have influence over your lives here” (sense of agency)

dESPRESSION

some depressive sumtoms are tied to learned hlpnesses in reposne to eprsistent trouma

Three stages of rembering

Acquision/encoding, Consolidation, Recall

acute tresscan

Boost encoding and consodation slectively

flashbulb memries

vivd and specifc memories tied to intence and negative ebents

actute and long term sttress tress canaslo

reduce a bility to recall, escpecialy not realted to the stressor, reduce shrit termememeory

EF ececitove fumctoin

Skills involved in gaol directed problem solving  including working memory, inhibitory control, and set-shifting/flexibility; highly related to PFC function 

Higher EF

Assosciated with more adaptive stress coping statagies, reduce netagive helpoutcomes, reduce agressions

Long term stres imparcs

Ability to multitask and inhibit impulse occur through noreprineprinemodulating PFC

Burnout

State of exhoustion xynicism, detatchment has 3 elemenst: exhaustion, cynicism, reuced efficuicy

Exhaustion

Energy depletion

Cynicism

Loss of belif in value of work

Reduced efficay

reduced ability to work and increased betlif in inadequcy

Recuurent stressors

A casue of burnotut, ill defined tasks of role ambiguity

Avoidence coping

We become more cynical as a method of devensively reducing stress of our work

Emotional and physcail Strain,

especailly moving past the alram phsae into the resistenc ephase

cycle

If nothing breaks us out of the loop, we move into exsuation phase

predicttors of burnout

Lock of control, lack of reward, lack fo social support

Burnout coonqieunces

Job dissatisfaction, low organization commitment, absenteeism, intention to leave hte job, and turnover, home life, health, depressison

high stress occupations

Law enformcent, Nursing,teahcing

Burnout in students

high rates, higher for males, smaller and fragile social support, loniness is large predictor of burnout, avoidence opebing make owrse

PTSD

Diagnoable disorder, recurring and intrusive memories , social withdrawl, anciety, insomnia,

PTD changes brain

Hyperactive amigdata, highertened emitonal arousal, PErforntal cortext, alot of norepineithinr, hippocampus (long term mmeory) shrinks

PTSD cycle

memoires trigger stress, sneding chimical with no external tirgger, imapris everyady fuction, reexpencea and send stress hormon through body, Genetic risk factro

Coping with stress

Distencing outselve, chage primary appraisal, change secondy appraisal

Contructive coping,

deal direcrly with stressor, find solution or cange how react

Problem focued