Unit 16: Chemistry (Theory)

the actual theory

How to calculate # of neutrons?

Mass number (top) - Atomic number (bottom)

What is this?

Mass number

What is this?

Atomic number

The group number of an element is also its?

Number of valence electrons

What is the name of group 1?

Alkali metals

What is the name of group 2?

Alkaline Earth Metals

What is the name of group 7?

Halogens “salt-forming”

What is the name of group 8 (0)?

Inert (noble) gases

What is an anion?

Negatively charged ion (wants to gain electrons)

What is a cation?

Positively charged ion (want to lose electrons)

What is a polyatomic ion?

Ions with more than 1 atom/element in them

What are the characteristics of diamond?

• Hardest known material

• High melting and boiling point

• Insoluble in water

• Not conductive (no free electrons)

• Lots of carbons bonding (each carbon is joined to another 4 carbon atoms)

• Strong covalent bonding, used for cutting tools as it is hard

What can graphite be used for?

Lubricant as layers slide over each other, making it slippery

How many covalent bonds does Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) have?

4 Strong covalent bonds

What is malleable?

Can be bent or hammered without shattering

What is brittle?

Shatters when bent or hit

What is ductile?

Can be reshaped into long wires without snapping or breaking

Pneumonic for reactivity series?

Please Stop Cutting My Acoustic Zombie In Cuatro Sad Gold Pieces

What does OILRIG stand for?

Oxidation is Loss (of e), Reduction is Gain (of e)

Metal + Oxygen →

Metal Oxide

Metal + Water →

Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen (H₂)

Metal + Acid →

Metal salt + Hydrogen (H₂)

Metal + Steam →

Metal oxide + Hydrogen (H₂)