Population dynamics

What is the natural change of a population

The balance between births and deaths in a population. Either: natural increase, stable or natural decrease

What is net migration

Balance between emigration and immigration

What does high mortality cause

Fast population growth

What causes babies per woman to decrease

• children survive

• Many children not needed for work

• Women get an education and join the labour force

• Family planning is accessible

The factors that can effect fertility

Environmental

Political

Economic

Socio cultural

Describe stage 1 of the demographic transition model

• CBR= high

• CDR= high

• Demographic change is stable

• Society is pré-industrialised based of subsistence agriculture

• CDR high and fluctuating due to increase of famine, disease and war

• CBR high, need for child labour and replacement babies

Describe stage 2 of the demographic transition model

• CBR= high

• CDR= Decreasing

• Demographic change is natural increase(youthful population)

• Early industrialisation

• CDR high as chile labour still requires, no reliable contraceptives/ culturally unacceptable

• CDR decline due to; better nutrition, improved healthcare and sanitation

Describe stage 3 of the demographic transition model

• CBR= declining

• CDR= low

• Demographic change: natural increase (young economically active)

• Society adjusts to lower mortality, birth rates begin to decline

• Continued improvements in medical care

• Wider contraceptive use, female education and higher status

Describe stage 4 of the demographic transition model

CBR= decline

CDR= low

Demographic change: natural increase ( many economically active)

Advanced medical services and good quality life

Wide contraceptive accessibility

High female status allows concentration on education/employment

Describe stage 5 of demographic transition model

• CBR= declining

• CDR= low

• Demographic change: decrease (ageing population)

• Elderly generation dominates population structure

• Birth rate has fallen below death rate

• Population declines unless there is immigration