Lab 1 Quiz Study Guide

Pulmonary Ventilation

Movement of air into/out of lungs

Air flow is directly/indirectly proportional to pressure difference

directly

Air flow is directly/indirectly proportional to frictional resistance to flow

indirectly

Pressure difference sin the pulmonary system are induced by…

lung volume changes

Pressure Difference

Difference between atm/IP pressure

greater pressure difference the greater the…

pressure gradient

atmospheric pressure → intrapulmonary pressure →

air moves into lungs

intrapulmonary pressure → atmospheric pressure →

air moves into atmosphere

Boyle’s law posits that…

volume and pressure are inversely related

inspiration

active process caused by changes in thoracic volume

during inspiration…

diaphragm _____ and moves ______ lowering the

contracts, lower, thoracic floor

external intercostals ___ and ___- the ribs and sternum ______

contract, lift, up & out

during inspiration, thoracic volume _____- so IP pressure

increases, drops

ATM air rushes in down pressure gradient to equilibrate the gradient until…

IP = ATM

What muscle is not apart of inspiration?

Trapezius

Scalenes

Sternocleiodmastoid

Pectoralis Minor

Pectoralis major

Pec major

Trapezius

Expiration

passive process at rest caused by thoracic volume changes

During expiration, what happens to inspiratory muscles?

diaphrgram/ext intercostals

relax & recoil elevating thoracic floor returning ribs/sternum to original positions

during expiration, Tvol and IP…

Thoracic volume decreases so IP increases

During expiration, pulmonary air is forced down pressure gradient to…

equilibrate the gradient

Lung Compliance

lung stretchability

the lung must be able to expand when ATM pressure > IP pressure

T

elasticity

lungs’ ability to return to original size after distention

the lung must be able to recoil when…

IP > ATM P

Surface tension

exerted by alveolar fluid

If ST is too high, the lungs will

collapse and/or resist expansionairf

airflow is directly ppt to resistance

false, inversely

bronchiole diameter inversely affects resistance within

the airway

parasympathetic stimulation/histamine released can cause bronchodilation

F, bronchoconstriction

Sympathetic stimulation causes

bronchiole dilation

Increase PCO2/ or decrease PO2/pH → stem inspiration centers →

force & frequency of inspiratory

the central chemoreceptors are _____ monitoring CSF

medulla oblongata

the peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _______ and monitor arterial blood

aortic arch, carotid bodies

CO2 + H2O ← → H2CO3 ← → H+ HCO3-

More H+ less pH

Pulmonary minute ventilation (VE/MV) must increase during exercise due to increased demand for O2 and increased need to deliver CO2 to lungs

T

obstructive respiratory diseases

emphysema, asthma, COPD, bronchitis

restrictive respiratory diseases

pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease

Tidal volume

Volume of air inhaled/exhaled with each breath

RR

number of respirations/minute

PMV

Vol of air breathed/min

Vital Capacity

Vol of air that can be expelled after maximal expiration

TLC

Vol of air in lungs at end of maximal inspiraiton

ATPS

the volume of ambient air is @ lab temp and pressure and is saturated with water vapor

Respiration

Oxidate phosphorylation (H+/e- exchange in ETC)

Internal Resp

O2 utilization and CO2 prod by tissues

Airflow formula

P1-P2/Resistance

70% lung expansion due to…

anterior-posterior enlargement

30% of lung expansion due to

descending diaphragm

spirometry

measurement of pulmonary volumes/rates of expired airflow (diagnose lung disease)

obstructive disorder result

reduced rate of air movement

restrictive disorder result

less increase in thoracic volume during inspiration

primary factor of obstructive disorders

narrowed airways, increased resistance

primary factor of restrictive. disorders

decreased lung compliance (resistance to expansion)