MRT Chapter 9 The Digestive System

Aliment

root for nourishment or food

bari

root for weight

digest

root for to break down

gastr

root for stomach

laparo

root for abdomen

zyme

root fermenting

lip

root for fat

mastic / ation

to chew

deglutit / ion

to swallow

peri / stalsis

to constrict

elimin / ation

to throw away

secret / ion

to produce

amyl / ase

starch

lip / ase

fat

-ectomy

suffix for surgical excision

-osis

abnormal condition

-ics

knowledge

-ist

specialist

-itis

inflammation

dent / ine

tooth

pulp-

flesh

Par-

root for beside

Lingu-

tongue

Mandibul-

mandible

Saliv-

saliva

Or-

mouth

Ot-

ear

salivary glands: Parotid

beside the ear

salivary gland: submandibular

under the mandible

salivary gland: sublingual

under the tongue

hiatus

an opening through a structure

sphincter

muscle around an opening

cells of stomach secrete

mucus, hydrochloric acid hci, pepsin, intrinsic factor, gastrin

segments of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum

Duoden-

twelve

-um

structure

-in

substance

-gen

produce

Pylor-

gate, pylorus

-us

pertaining to

carbohydrates

simple sugars

proteins

amino acids

lipids

fatty acids and monoglycerides

water

92% absorbed by small intestine ++ minerals

Chyle (KYLE)

fluid that is a result of fat digestion/absorption in small intestine

emulsify (ee-MUL-sih-fye)

break up into smaller particles

Lacteal (LAK-tee-al)

lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from intestine

Lipase

pronounced LIE-pase

ED

emergency department

Structure of large intestine

ileocecal sphincter (one way), cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anus

functions of large intestine

absorption, secretion, digestion, peristalsis, elimination

bile

fluid secreted by liver

bilirubin: bil/ i-

bile

-rubin

rust colored

pancreas location

upper abdomen

pancreas functions

exocrine gland, pancreatic juices

Chole-

bile

Cyst-

bladder

Lith-

stone

Insul-

island

overall digestive disorders

food intolerance,

food allergies

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

disorders of the mouth

plaque

tartar

dental caries

stomatitis

inflammation of mouth

aphthous

mouth ulcers

herpetic

cold sores

thrush

candida albicans

relfux

backward flow

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

varix

dilated, tortuous vein

disorders of the esophagus

esophagitis (GERD)

hiatal hernia

esophageal varices

cancer of the esophagus

disorders of the stomach

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

emesis

gastritis

emesis

vomiting

gastritis

symptoms include feeling of fullness, nausea, epigastric pain

disorders of the stomach 2

peptic ulcers

dyspepsia

gastric ulcers

gastric cancer

anorexia

no appetite

stricture

narrowing of a tube

dyspepsia

upset stomach

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

disorders of the small intestine

infections

gastroenteritis

bleeding

celiac disease

intussusception

ileus

cancer

disorders of absorption

malabsorption syndrome

malnutrition (body breaks down its own tissues)

lactose intolerance (milk sugar is lactose)

crohn disease (regional enteritis)

disorders of absorption 2

constipation

gastroenteritis

dysentery

diarrhea is caused by

irritation of the intestinal lining so that feces pass through the intestine too quickly for adequate amounts of water to be reabsorbed

Celi-

abdomen

Enter-

intestine

Intus-

within

Suscept-

receive or take up

adenocarcinoma

cancer in glandular epithelial cells

dysentery

disease with diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever, dehydration

Dia-rrhea

to flow

Flatul-ence

excessive gas

disorders of the liver

hepatitis

HAV - contaminated food

HBV - blood and body fluids

HCV - bloodbourne

HDV - occurs with HBV, worsens the infection

disorders of the liver

cirrhosis

jaundice-icterus

cancer

disorders of the gallbaldder

gallstones

cholecystitis

Chol/e-

bile

Choledoch/o

bile duct

-iasis

condition

disorders of the pancreas

pancreatitis

pancreatic cancer

diabetes

cystic fibrosis

hematemesis

vomiting of red blood

“coffee ground” emesis

hematochezia

passage of red, bloody stools

melena

passage of black, tarry stools