Liver/Gallbladder/Biliary Duct System
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46 Terms
What is the largest visceral organ and largest gland in the body?
Liver
What are the functions of the liver?
Bile secretion
Metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and iron
Detoxification
Describe the diaphragmatic surface of the liver.
Superior and convex
Describe the visceral surface of the liver.
Inferior and concave
What is the hilum of the liver?
Porta hepatis
T/F: The inferior vena cava is NOT found in the porta hepatis.
True
What is found in the porta hepatis?
Common hepatic duct (right)
Hepatic artery proper (left)
Portal vein (behind)
What is the largest anatomical lobe of the liver?
Right lobe
The functional halves of the liver divide the liver so the halves are of nearly equal _________.
Weight
What functional half are hepatic segments 1-4 found in?
Left
What functional half are hepatic segments 5-8 found in?
Right half
T/F: The portal vein has tributaries like other veins.
False - branches
Which area of the liver is NOT covered with visceral peritoneum?
Bare area
Where is the bare area of the liver located?
Posterior aspect of the diaphragmatic surface
What vessels lies within the bare area of the liver?
Inferior vena cava
What does the falciform ligament become as it passes posteriorly along the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?
Coronary ligament
What forms the borders of the bare area?
Coronary ligament
What is located between the left and caudate lobes of the liver?
Ligamentum venosum
What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?
Ductus venosus
Where is the fissure for the ligamentum teres?
Between left and quadrate lobes
Where is the fissure for the ligamentum venosum?
Between the left and caudate lobes
What two vessels provide blood supply to the liver?
Portal vein and hepatic artery
What vessel provides most of the blood supply to the liver?
Portal vein
T/F: The portal vein is deoxygenated but rich in nutrients.
True
Which is bigger: portal vein or hepatic artery proper?
Portal vein
What organ is pear-shaped and located in a fossa on the visceral surface of the liver?
Gallbladder
What are the three parts of the gallbladder?
Fundus, body, and neck
What does the gallbladder drain into?
Cystic duct
What does the gallbladder store?
Bile
What initiates contraction of the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What provides blood supply to the gallbladder?
Cystic artery from the right hepatic artery
What do the right/left hepatic ducts drain?
Corresponding functional halves
What is formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts?
Common hepatic duct
What is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct?
Bile duct
What is formed by the union of the bile duct and pancreatic duct?
Ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)
What surrounds the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
Sphincter of ampulla
What is the largest and strongest sphincter?
Sphincter of ampulla
What surrounds the inferior terminus of the bile duct?
Sphincter of bile duct
Which sphincter is the weakest?
Sphincter of pancreatic duct
What sphincter surrounds the terminal part of the pancreatic duct?
Sphincter of pancreatic ducts
Where are the spiral folds located?
Within cystic duct
What is the function of the spiral folds (valves)?
Keep duct open
What is the name for hard masses formed by solidification of bile constituents?
Gallstones
Where are gallstones most commonly impacted at?
Distal end of hepatopancreatic ampulla, at sphincter of ampulla
What are the risk factors of gallstones?
Females
Obesity
Pregnancy
High fat diet
Where is gallbladder pain often referred to?
Right subscapular region