Divisions of the Nervous System

Flashcards covering the divisions of the nervous system, including anatomy of the brain, lobes of the cerebrum, and specific nerve types based on lecture notes.

Motor nerves

Nerves that contain only the axons of motor neurons.

Mixed nerves

Nerves that contain the axons of both sensory and motor neurons.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The component of the nervous system that comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The component of the nervous system consisting of nerves that arise from the brain and spinal cord and spread to different parts of the body.

Neuroglial cells

Supporting cells that, along with neurons, make up the components of the nervous system.

Cranium

The part of the skull where the brain is present.

Meninges

Three layers of membranes covering the brain that protect it from harmful substances.

Ventricles

Fluid-filled cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The fluid found within the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Forebrain

The largest area of the brain, consisting of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the forebrain, divided by a deep longitudinal fissure into right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Cerebral cortex

The highly folded upper layer of both cerebral hemispheres, made of grey matter.

Grey matter

The material in the cerebral cortex that contains cell bodies and non-myelinated axons.

White matter

The material beneath the cerebral cortex that contains myelinated axons.

Frontal lobe

A division of the cerebral hemisphere containing regions for problem solving, judgment, speaking, and movements.

Parietal lobe

A division of the cerebral hemisphere that has regions for language and touch.

Temporal lobe

A division of the cerebral hemisphere containing regions that deal with memory, learning, feelings, and hearing.

Occipital lobe

A division of the cerebral hemisphere containing regions for vision and color perception.

Thalamus

A structure wrapped by the cerebrum that conveys information from receptors to the cerebrum and is involved in pain perception and consciousness.

Hypothalamus

An almond-sized structure located below the thalamus that regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional states, and controls the pituitary gland.

Midbrain

A bridge between the forebrain and hindbrain that conveys information between them, enables movement adjustments, and is responsible for sleep/wake, alertness, and temperature regulation.

Hindbrain

The part of the brain that controls all automatic body functions and consists of three parts.

Brain Weight and Neurons

The average adult human brain weighs about $2\%$ of total body weight and contains about $100$ billion neurons.