Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
RESPIRATION
Electrons from reduced Nicotinamides (NADH) and flavins (FADH2) in the mitochondrial matrix are transferred to molecular oxygen in a process called ____
Respiratory complexes
___ are membrane embedded enzymes that perform redox reactions to capture the free energy from the reduced co-enzyme
Complex I
NADH DEHYDROGENASE (NADH-Q Reductase)
Complex II
SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE (Succinate-Q Reductase)
Complex III
CYTOCHROME b-c (QH2- Cytochrome C reductase)
Complex IV
known as Cytochrome C oxidase
Auxiliaries
are small molecules that serve to transport electrons between these respiratory complexes
Co-enzyme Q10 or UBIQUINONE
An auxiliary that transport electrons from CI-CII & CII-CIII
Cytochrome C
An auxiliary that transport electrons from CIII-CIV
Electron Transport Chain
Respiratory complexes + Auxiliaries =
4
Complex I pumps ___ H+
4
Complex III pumps ___ H+
2
Complex IV pumps ___ H+
free energy
In the concept of Electron Transport Chain:
The energy is temporarily stored in a gradient of protons and electrical voltage across the inner mitochondrial membrane and when the H+ move back to the matrix, they give up ______
Water
What is the product of reduction of oxygen?
ATP synthase
This uses the stored energy to make ATP through phosphorylation
Substrate-level Phosphorylation (SLP)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
2 Types of Phosphorylation
Substrate-level Phosphorylation
A type of Phosphorylation that occurs in Glycolysis
When a substrate is converted to another substrate, ATP is produced (Pi is transferred to ADP)
ex. 1,3 Biphospho Glycerate → 3 phospho glycerate
Oxidative Phosphorylation
A type of Phosphorylation that is combination of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and oxidation of reduced co-enzymes
major source of ATP for aerobic organisms
ATP Synthase
Makes ATP from ADP and
Pi Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Molecular Oxygen
What is the final electron acceptor of ETC?
ATP and H2O
What are the final products of ETC?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Respiratory complexes are enzymes embedded in the _
High
innermembrane space has a ___ hydrogen ion concentration
Low
mitrochondrial matrix space has a ___ hydrogen ion concentration
Complex II
FADH2 is not as good at donating electrons as NADH, so it passes through
Complex I
NADH is very good at donating electrons in redox reactions (that is, its electrons are at a high energy level), so it can transfer its electrons directly to____ , turning back into NAD+