Sociology Lecture Flashcards

A set of flashcards covering key sociological concepts including stratification, immigration levels, and cultural capital as discussed in the lecture.

Culture

Learned ideas, practices, and behaviors that differentiates one group or society from others.

Normality (Statistical View)

The trait that most people in a group display.

Normality (Normative View)

A social norm or ideal to which individuals conform.

Normality (Evolutionary View)

A view of normality that is informed by natural selection.

Inequalities

The uneven and unfair distribution of opportunities and rewards that increase power, prestige, and wealth for individuals or groups; social disparity.

Power

The ability of an individual, group of people, or institution to influence or control people despite opposition.

Prestige

The socially recognized admiration, honor, or respect attached to certain roles and statuses.

Status

An individual’s position, often relative to others, in a group or society as characterized by certain benefits and responsibilities as determined by an individual’s rank and role.

Master Status

The primary identifying status of an individual that shapes interactions and relationships with others and dominates all other statuses.

Stratification

A system of inequality based on ranking people or groups based on power, prestige, or wealth.

Wealth

The total amount of money and assets an individual or group owns.

Income

Money earned from work or investments.

Social Class

An individual’s or group’s position within the social hierarchy, typically based on power, prestige, and wealth.

Class System

A stratified system based on socioeconomic status in which individuals have the potential (real or imagined) for mobility.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

An economic and social combined total measure of a person’s economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation; however, SES is more commonly used to depict an economic difference in society as a whole.

Cultural Capital

The skills, education, norms, and behaviors acquired by members of a social group that can give them economic and other advantages; the accumulation of which is one route to upward mobility.

Social Capital

The social networks or connections that an individual has available to them due group membership.

Race

Groupings of people believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities.

Ethnicity

Groupings of people believed to share common descent, based on shared customs and language.

Diaspora

A group of people that disperse from their country or geographic region of origin.

Sex

Socially agreed upon biological criteria used to identify someone as male or female.

Gender

The activity of managing situated conduct in accordance with norms, attitudes, and activities deemed appropriate for a sex category.

Sexuality

The experiences and expressions of a person as a sexual being.

First Generation Immigrant

An adult immigrant.

$1.5$ Generation Immigrant

An immigrant who arrives in the receiving country before adulthood.

$2nd$ Generation Immigrant

The child born to first generation immigrants in the receiving country.

Assimilation

A process in which a person or group adopt the values, norms and practices of another group, while abandoning their own culture.

Acculturation

Process in which a person or group adopt the values, norms and practices of another group, while still retaining their own culture.

Ethnic Enclave

An urban neighborhood or geographic region with a high concentration of an ethnic/immigrant population, typically first generation, and related cultural and economic activity that primarily caters to the community.