Cell organelle quiz

Plasma/Cell membrane function

It provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell. It maintains homeostasis

Golgi Apparatus

A factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Mitochondria

it produce the energy necessary for the cell's survival and functioning. Power house of the cell.

Ribosomes

A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.

Nuclear Envelope

The nuclear envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.

Nucleus

the nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus

Chloroplast

produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield.

Cell wall

provides structural strength and support, and also provide a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell.

Vacuoles in plants

It helps maintain water balance

Lysosome

Breaks down excess or worn out cell parts, also destroys invading bacteria or virisus

Prokaryote

generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells; in addition to the absence of a nucleus, their genomes are less complex and they do not contain cytoplasmic organelles or a cytoskeleton

1. plasma membrane,

2. cytosol/cytoplasm,

3. genetic material (chromosomes), 

4. and ribosomes.

Eukaryote

any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus

What are prokaryotic cells

Archaea and Bacteria

(Prokaryotic Parts) Capsule

A sticky layer that helps prokaryotes stick to surfaces, some capsules add extra protection

(Prokaryotic Parts) Cell Wall

Supports cell shape, protects cell, permeable to water (so dissolved stuff can cross into cell)

(Prokaryotic Parts) Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer

(Prokaryotic Parts) Pili

Some prokaryotes have these, they help the bacteria stick to surfaces. Other types of pili can be used to “spear and reel in” other bacteria to exchange plasmid DNA

(Prokaryotic Parts) Flagella

Used for motion, whips around like a propellor. 

(Prokaryotic Parts inside) Ribosomes

Free floating, makes proteins

(Prokaryotic Parts inside) Plasmids

Small circular chunks of DNA, contains a couple of genes that are easily shared with other bacteria

(Prokaryotic Parts inside) Nucleoid

One large circular chunk of DNA. Contains rest of the bacteria’s genes. Not enclosed by a nucleus