History 107 Midterm

Colombian Exchange

the movement of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic due to European exploration of the Americas

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

The Puritans

a group of religious reformers in the sixteenth/seventeenth centuries who wanted to “purify” the Church of England by removing practices associated with the Catholic Church and advocating greater purity of doctrine and worship

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

a series of events in 1692 that resulted in the deaths of at least 25 people and the accusations of over 160 others of practicing witchcraft

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

an uprising of both White people and Black people who believed that the Virginia government was impeding their access to land and wealth

Indentured Servants

a person who agrees to work for another person or entity for a set amount of time, usually without receiving a salary

The Middle Passage

the stage of the Atlantic slave trade when enslaved Africans were transported from West Africa to the Americas

Chattel Slavery

a system of servitude in which people are treated as personal property to be bought and sold

The Stamp Act (1765)

A direct tax on colonist that imposed an internal tax on almost every type of printed paper colonists used, including newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards. While

Declaratory Act (1765)

Stated in no uncertain terms that Parliament’s power was supreme and that any laws the colonies may have passed to govern and tax themselves were null and void if they ran counter to parliamentary law.

The Intolerable Acts (1774)

the name American Patriots gave to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act which were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party

Shay’s Rebellion

Captain Daniel Shays from Pelham who was a veteran of the war for independence took part in a revolt and because he was singled out as the ring leader, it became his rebellion

The Federalist Papers

a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.

The Bill of Rights (1791)

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, which guarantee individual rights

Implied Powers

powers that are not explicitly stated in the U.S. Constitution, but are suggested to be applicable in some or all cases

Necessary and Proper Clause

a constitutional provision that gives Congress the power to pass laws that are necessary to carry out the powers of the federal government

Strict Interpretation

a legal philosophy that emphasizes a narrow reading of the Constitution's text, asserting that the government is limited to powers explicitly granted by the document.

National Bank

circulate a stable, uniform national currency secured by federal bonds

Alien and Sedition Acts

a series of four laws passed by Congress in 1798 that were intended to limit the political opposition by tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the government

Judicial Review

legal process that allows US supreme courts to review and invalidate government actions that are not in line with the law or the constitution