Science 10 Final Exam Cram Sheet

Flashcards for Science 10 Final Exam Review

Cell Theory

States that all organisms are made of cells, cells are basic units of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells.

Hooke

Scientist who first named cells.

Van Leeuwenhoek

Scientist who first observed microbes.

Brown

Scientist who discovered the nucleus.

Schleiden/Schwann

Scientists who stated that plants and animals are made of cells

Virchow

Scientist who stated that cells come from other cells

Nucleus

Organelle that controls the cell.

Mitochondria

Organelle that produces energy.

Ribosome

Organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle involved in shipping and distribution.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Organelle responsible for transport within the cell.

Lysosome

Organelle that digests waste materials.

Vacuole

Organelle for storage.

Chloroplast

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

Cell Wall

Provides structure and support to plant cells.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Active Transport

Transport that requires energy to move molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high).

Palisade Cells

Cells in plant leaves that perform photosynthesis.

Spongy Cells

Plant cells that allow for gas exchange.

Guard Cells

Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water.

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugar.

Phototropism

Growth response to light.

Gravitropism

Growth response to gravity.

Thigmotropism

Growth response to touch.

Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct contact.

Convection

The transfer of heat through fluids (liquids or gases).

Radiation

The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

Specific Heat

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Biome

A large terrestrial ecosystem characterized by specific climate conditions, animal populations, and plant species.