HOSA - Medical Nutrition Therapy (Renal Disease)

kidney functions

kidney functions

excretion of waste, maintain balance (fluid, acid, electrolyte), and secrete certain hormones; filter blood

Nephrons

Unit of the kidney containing a glomerulus; each kidney contains 1 million

glomerulus

filtering unit of the kidney

capillaries

tiny blood vessels connecting veins and arteries

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

how much urine is excreted per day

1.5 liters

end products of protein metabolism (5)

Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine, Ammonia, and Sulfates

urea

chief nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism

uric acid

One of the nitrogenous waste products of protein metabolism

Creatinine

an end (waste) product of protein metabolism

oliguria

decreased output of urine to less than 500 ml/day

when kidney cant eliminate nitrogenous waste

renal failure

what makes the final conversion of vit d

kidney

cysts

growths

renal stones

kidney stones

acute renal failure

suddenly occurring failure of the kidneys

what causes kidney disease

infection, degenerative changes, diabetes, high bp, cysts, renal stones or trauma

chronic kidney disease

develop slowly causing the number of nephrons to diminish until kidney loses function

uremia

condition in which protein wastes that should've been excreted are circulating in the blood

dialysis

mechanical filtration of the blood; used when the kidneys are no longer able to perform normally; treatment of severe renal failure

nephritis

inflammatory disease of the kidneys

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys

nephrosclerosis

hardening of renal arteries; caused by arteriosclerosis and hypertension

polycystic kidney disease

rare hereditary kidney disease causing cysts or growths on the kidney that can ultimately causes kidney failure in middle age

nephrolithiasis

development of stones in the kidney

types of kidney stones (5)

calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine, calcium phosphate, and magnesium ammonium phosphate

cystine

Nonessential Amino Acids

renal disease diet is intended to

To reduce the amount of work demanded of the kidney while helping maintain fluid acid and electrolyte balance

what is restricted in chronic renal failure (4)

protein, sodium, and maybe potassium and phosphorus

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

The rate at which the kidney filters the blood; amount of protein allowed is based on this

what tends to occur in end stage renal disease

hyperkalemia

end stage renal disease

The stage at which the kidneys have lost most or all of their ability to function

osteomalacia

softening of the bones due to excessive loss of calcium

fluids and sodium may be limited to

prevent edema, hypertension and congestive heart failure

excess potassium can cause

cardiac arrest

iron is prescribed to alleviate

anemia

fistula

unusual openings between two organs; usually near wrist; connect an artery and a vein

peritoneal dialysis

removal of waste products from the blood by injecting the flushing solution into the abdomen and using the clients peritoneum(abdomen lining) as the semipermeable membrane; 10-12 hours a day 3x a week

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

24 hr treatment, changed 4-5 times daily

hemodialysis diet

lil more protein, potassium restricted

the vitamins renal clients may have an increased need for are

b, c, d

An excess of which nutrient can compound bone loss in renal clients

phosphorus

typical renal diet

80-3-3

general diet for renal stones

lots of fluid

oxalate

beets, wheat bran, chocolate, tea, rhubarb, strawberries and spinach

calcium oxalate stones

80% of all stones; caused by diet rich in oxalate; more calcium

purines

end product of nucleoprotein metabolism

uric acid stones

restrict purine rich foods; associated w gout and gi diseases

purine rich foods

meats; organ meats, anchovies, sardines, alcohol and broths

cystine stones

too much cystine in urine; hereditary metabolic disorder; increase fluid, alkaline ash diet (Fruits, nuts, legumes and vegetables)

struvite stones

made of magnesium ammonium phosphate; after uti's; low phosphorus diet

hemodialysis

more common; requires permanent access to bloodstream w fistula; cleansing the blood of wastes by circulating the blood through a machine that contains tubing of semipermeable membranes; 3 times a week for 3-5 hours