Aly and Rahn Ultimate Review Part I (Gross II Exam III)

Subcostal rib and vertebral level?

R10, L3

Transtubercular plane vertebral layer?

L5

Where does liver lie?

right hypochondrium and epigastric region

Where does the spleen and the fundus of the stomach lie?

left hypochondrium region

The umbilicis is _________________ between __________?

variable; L2-L5

Superficial layer of superficial fascia aka?

camper's

Deep layer of superficial fascia aka?

Scarpa's

Which layer is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh?

camper's (superficial)

Which layer is firmly fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh?

scarpa's (deep)

With extravasation of urine, where does urine travel?

superiorly

Between which two fascias can fluid accumulate?

scarpa's (deep) and deep fascia of abdomen

Why can't urine spread inferiorly?

scarpa adhered to fascia lata

Which muscle is variable?

pyramidalis

What is the innervation of pyramidalis?

subcostal nerve

Which muscles form to make the rectus sheath?

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

What encloses the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscle, superior epigastric artery and vein, inferior epigastric artery and vein, anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves?

rectus sheath

Which layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique muscles?

anterior above

Which layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the aponeruoses of the internal oblique and transversus abdonimis muscles?

posterior above

Which layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles?

anterior below

Which layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the transversalis fascia?

posterior below

Fold from apex of bladder to umbilicus, CONTAINING URACHUS?

median umbilical fold

Fold from side of bladder to umbilicus, CONTAINING OBILTERATED UMBILICAL ARTERY?

medial umbilical fold

Fold from the deep inguinal ring to the arcuate line, CONTAINS THE INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VESSELS?

lateral umbilical fold

Between median and medial umbilical folds?

supravesical fossa

between medial and lateral umbilical folds?

medial inguinal fossa

Which ligament contains the obliterated umbilical vein, and is the FREE EDGE OF THE FALCIFORM LIGAMENT???? may be fill in

ligamentum teres

What do the lower 6 thoracic nerves pass between?

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

Most medial fibers of inguinal ligament?

lacunar ligament

Lateral extension of lacunar ligament?

pectineal ligament

Length of inguinal canal?

3 to 5 cm

Where does the inguinal canal begin?

deep inguinal ring

Where does the inguinal canal end?

superficial inguinal ring

What does the inguinal canal transmit in males?

spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve

What does the inguinal canal transmit in females?

round ligament of the uterus and and ilioinguinal nerve

What strengthens the posterior wall of the medial half of the inguinal canal?

conjoint tendon

What fibers join to make conjoint tendon?

internal oblique and transversus abdominis (IOTA)

Which boundary of the inguinal canal is composed of the aponeurosis of external oblique?

anterior wall

Which boundary of the inguinal canal is composed of the conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia?

posterior wall

Which boundary of the inguinal canal is composed of the arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis?

roof

Which boundary of the inguinal canal is composed of the inguinal and lacunar ligament?

floor

In which muscle does the superficial inguinal ring open?

external oblique

Which muscle splits to form the superficial inguinal ring?

external oblique

Which crura inserts into pubic tubercle, making the LACUNAR LIGAMENT?

lateral

Which crura inserts into pubic crest?

medial

What strengthens the apex of the superficial inguinal ring?

intercrural fibers

In what does the deep inguinal ring open?

transversalis fascia

What type of hernias occur in the inguinal triangle?

direct

Which boundary of the inguinal triangle is composed of the lateral edge of rectus abdominis muscle?

medial

Which boundary of the inguinal triangle is composed of the inferior epigastric vessels?

lateral

Which boundary of the inguinal triangle is composed of the inguinal ligament?

inferior

What is present before birth, but is shorter and much less oblique in an adult???

inguinal canal

What strengthens the inguinal canal?

oblique nature and conjoint tendon

Why do men have higher risk for inguinal hernia>

large inguinal canal and scrotum

Which type of hernia accounts for 75% inguinal hernias?

indirect

What type of hernia can be congenital or acquired?

indirect

Which type of hernia can only be acquired?

direct

What is the embryological outpouching of peritoneum which forms the inguinal canal and tunica vaginalis of the scrotum?

processus vaginalis

What fascia is derived from the external oblique aponeurosis?

external spermatic

What fascia is derived from the internal oblique aponeurosis?

cremasteric fascia

What fascia is derived from the transversalis fascia?

internal spermatic

Subluxation of which area may effect male infertility?

L1-L2

What transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

ductus deferens

What is the testicular artery a branch of?

abdominal aorta

What does the left testicular vein drain into?

left renal vein

What does the right testicular vein drain into>

inferior vena cava

What is the artery to ductus deferens a branch of?

superior vesical artery

What is the cremasteric artery a branch of?

inferior epigastric artery

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply?

cremaster

What are varicose veins within pampiniform plexus?

varicocele

Which muscle regulates temp of the testes?

cremaster and dartos

What does the anterior labial nerve supply?

mons pubis and labia majora

At what temp must the testes remain at?

below body temperature

Which scrotal layer comes from subcutaneous tissue, superficial and deep fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

dartos

Which two layers of the abdominal wall do not have a continuation in the scrotum?

transversus abdominis and extraperitoneal fascia

What is the accumulation of fluid in the cavity of tunica vaginalis?

hydrocele

What are the two functions of the testis?

produce spermatozoa and androgens

What is the deepest layer of the scrotum?

tunica albuginea

What is the pathway for sperm travel?

1. seminiferous tubules to straight tubules

2. rete testis

3. efferent ductules

4. epididymis

5. head of epididymis

6. body of epididymis

7. tail of epididymis

8. ductus deferens

What is the function of the epididymis?

store sperm until they mature (capacitation)

Which part of the epididymis is connected to the superior surface by efferent ductules?

head

Which part of the epididymis is located along the posterior surface of the testis?

body

Which part of the epididymis ends in ductus deferens?

tail

What drains into the lumbar nodes?

testis

What drains into the superficial inguinal nodes?

scrotum

Which ligament pulls the testes down through the inguinal canal?

gubernaculum

What condition is characterized by the testes not descending?

cryptorchidism

Cryptochidism is more common in?

premature infants

Why can infection spread to the peritoneum in females?

connection via uterine tubes

The pancreas (except the TAIL), ascending colon, descending colon, duodenum (except CAP), kidney, and aorta are?

retroperitoneal

The spleen, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and sigmoid are?

intraperitoneal

Phrenic nerve refers pain to?

shoulder

Inflammation of the peritoneum?

peritonitis

What is the major cause of peritonitis?

Infection

Which peritoneum is sensitive to pain?

parietal