Human Development, Gender, Energy Policy, and Cyberspace

Flashcard set covering Human Development, Gender and Technology, Government S&T Policies, and Philippine Cybercrime & Cyberspace.

Epigenetic Modification

The process where environmental factors such as stress, toxins, or nurturing produce transcription factors that act as chemical switches to turn specific genes on or off.

Neural Plasticity

The structural capacity of the brain to change based on life experiences, which is highest and most malleable early in life.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers bridging synapses in the brain that can be easily disrupted by early hardships or the lack of a caring adult.

Orchids

Refers to neurobiologically highly responsive individuals who suffer severe impacts, illness, and developmental challenges in harsh environments but thrive exceptionally well in supportive ones.

Dandelions

Refers to neurobiologically low-responsive or resilient individuals who function adequately despite high stress, harsh environments, or hardships.

Differential Susceptibility

The neurobiological concept explaining how individuals vary in their sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental quality.

Built Environment

Physical human-made infrastructure, such as sidewalks, industrial locations, food markets, and green spaces, that dictates health outcomes like obesity and exposure to stress.

PM2.5

Fine particulate matter airborne pollutants resulting from industrial proximity that cause severe respiratory and gastrointestinal issues.

Social Capital

The network of social trust, community bonds, and organizational membership that mitigates stress, lowers mortality, and improves overall community health.

Rapid Urbanization

The quick expansion of urban centers that creates inadequate housing, slum proliferation, and infrastructure strain, leading to the erosion of social capital.

Social Ecological Model (SEM)

A nested framework for understanding complex human behaviors across individual, microsystem, mesosystem/exosystem, and macrosystem levels.

SEM Individual Level

The core level of the Social Ecological Model encompassing individual genetics, brain development, timing, and personal knowledge.

SEM Microsystem

The inner layer of the Social Ecological Model consisting of immediate personal relationships such as family and close friends.

SEM Mesosystem and Exosystem

The middle layer of the Social Ecological Model containing extended connections, neighbors, workplaces, local policies, and larger institutions.

SEM Macrosystem

The outermost layer of the Social Ecological Model encompassing broad cultural norms, national laws, social media, and societal structures.

Homophily Principle

The sociological principle stating that individuals associate with similar peers, heavily influencing subcultures that either glamorize or deter behaviors like substance use.

Obesogenic Environment

An urban physical environment that lacks safe spaces for physical activity and features a high proliferation of fast-food options, driving high-calorie, sedentary lifestyles.

WHO 2016 Air Pollution Baseline

The World Health Organization 2016 report recording an annual mean of $24\text{ }\frac{\mu g}{m^3}$ for fine particulate matter in the Philippines.

Micro-level Analysis

The analytical focus examining the interplay of early brain development, neural plasticity, and individual genetic susceptibility.

Meso-level Evaluation

The evaluation of how physical factors and built environments dictate specific health domains like obesity and violence.

Exo-level Discussion

The examination of how social capital, community norms, and institutional systems shape health-related behaviors.

Macro-level Application

The application of systemic frameworks like the Social Ecological Model to examine spatial disparities and national cultural norms.

Spatial Variation

Geographical differences in living environments, ranging from wealthy urban hubs with optimal healthcare to isolated areas facing compounding natural hazards.

Glia Cells

Non-neuronal brain cells formed alongside neurons during early embryonic development.

Transcription Factors

Molecules produced by environmental experiences (e.g., stress or nurture) that bind to DNA and flip chemical switches to turn specific genes on or off.

Katherine Johnson

NASA mathematician who calculated space trajectories for 33 years, verified computations for John Glenn's orbit, co-authored 26 research reports, and received the 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Reproductive Labor

Unpaid domestic caregiving, cooking, cleaning, healthcare, and education tasks historically categorized as dependency.

Productive Labor

Economic income-generating work, manufacturing, and digital development historically recognized as true technology.

UN Decade for Women (1976-1985)

A global milestone period that shifted international development narratives to recognize women as creators and developers of technology rather than passive dependents.

Traditional Crafts

High-skill, generationally passed technical knowledge such as weaving on looms, pottery, and post-harvest agricultural processing.

Digital Divide Barriers for Filipinas

The compounding access constraints faced by women in the Philippines, including geographic isolation, household time constraints, non-localized language, and online privacy concerns.

Radio as an Enduring Medium

An existing, accessible technology highly utilized by development agencies for educational delivery in remote areas of the Philippines.

Cyberfeminism

A theoretical movement advocating the use of technology and the internet as tools to promote gender equality and challenge traditional power structures.

Digital Colonialism

A top-down international development approach where developed nations transfer technologies to underdeveloped nations, reinforcing existing power imbalances.

Men and Machines Model

An early, top-down technology transfer paradigm that viewed technology strictly as physical hardware devices and primarily targeted men.

ITDG (Practical Action)

The Intermediate Technology Development Group, an organization that shifted tech initiatives from hardware-focused transfer to community-based socio-economic systems.

Tinker, Tiller, Technical Change

An ITDG research initiative that investigated the actual technical contributions of low-income women across Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Do It Herself

A practical research program by ITDG focused on documenting women's vital roles in developing grassroots technical solutions.

Reproductive Technologies Proponents

Advocates who view contraceptives as empowering tools that enable women to control fertility and balance personal and economic life roles.

Reproductive Technologies Critics

Skeptics who argue that standard contraceptives present health risks and fail to address broader reproductive and social equity needs.

Hard Technologies

Physical health interventions and medical products, such as female condoms, microbicides, and clinical contraceptives.

Soft Technologies

Non-physical, educational, and communication tools, including localized messaging, community workshops, and IEC strategies.

IEC Strategies

Information, Education, and Communication campaigns designed to align soft technologies with a community's lived needs and local language.

Participatory Design

A development method where community members collaborate directly with experts as active co-authors in planning, implementing, and evaluating tools.

Apollo 11 Moon Landing

The historic NASA space mission supported by trajectory and landing calculations co-developed by Katherine Johnson.

Presidential Medal of Freedom (2015)

The high civilian honor awarded to NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson in 2015 for breaking racial and gender barriers.

Female Condom

A female-controlled physical hard technology developed to allow women to protect their reproductive health without relying on partner compliance.

Microbicides

A protective health technology created to give women independent tools for reproductive disease prevention.

Intersectionality Web

An analytical framework examining how an individual's user identity is shaped by the intersection of race, gender, class, and geography.

Modern Tech Industry in the Philippines

High-economic-value digital sectors including software development, data science, and digital marketing with growing contributions by Filipinas.

Sustainable Energy Goals

Policy targets directed at reducing carbon emissions, conserving resources, promoting efficiency, ensuring energy security, and supporting economic growth.

Offshore Wind Power Projects (PH)

Three commercial projects confirmed by the Philippine Department of Energy with a target total capacity of $1650\text{ }MW$.

Philippine Energy Plan 2023-2050

A strategic government plan outlining comprehensive goals for sustainable development through modern and clean energy technologies.

National Renewable Energy Program (NREP)

A Philippine government initiative to develop and utilize indigenous renewable energy resources to address climate change and energy security.

Philippine Renewable Energy Share Target

The official policy goal under the Energy Transition Plan to achieve a $35\%$ renewable energy share in the power generation mix by 2040.

Philippine Electric Vehicle Penetration Target

The transport policy target aiming for a $10\%$ electric vehicle penetration rate in road transport by 2040.

Environmental Justice in Energy

The principle ensuring that energy transitions are fair, affordable, and equitable, avoiding disproportionate harm to vulnerable communities.

Technology Transfer

The mechanism where developed nations share advanced clean technologies with developing countries to support sustainable growth.

DBM COVID-19 RT-PCR Fund Release

The $P1,912,500,000$ allocated on April 15, 2020, by the Department of Budget and Management to the Department of Health for RT-PCR detection kits.

Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

The primary viral detection method funded and governed by DOH guidelines for confirming SARS-CoV-2 cases.

Rapid Antibody Test

A COVID-19 diagnostic testing method included in the DOH guidelines to measure body immune responses.

Antigen Test

A COVID-19 diagnostic method governed by DOH guidelines for detecting specific viral proteins.

DOST-FNRI VCO Study

Clinical research by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute evaluating the effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on suspect and probable COVID-19 cases.

Lagundi Clinical Trials

Clinical trials authorized by the UP-PGH ethics committee to test the herbal plant lagundi as a supplementary treatment for COVID-19.

Melatonin Supplementary Trial

A $P9.8\text{-}M$ DOST-approved clinical trial evaluating melatonin as a supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.

CMU Ethanol Production Project

A university-wide initiative led by Central Mindanao University to produce ethyl alcohol from sugarcane molasses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

WHO-Recommended Handrub Formulation

A hand sanitizer compound composed of $80\%\text{ }\left(\frac{v}{v}\right)$ ethanol, distilled water, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol.

Smart Grids

Modernized electrical networks using digital communication technology to monitor and optimize power delivery and efficiency.

Carbon Capture

Technology designed to trap industrial carbon dioxide emissions before they enter the atmosphere.

Biomass Energy

Renewable energy produced by burning or processing organic matter and biological waste.

Tidal Energy

Renewable power generated by capturing the natural movement and kinetic energy of ocean tides.

Geothermal Energy

Renewable energy generated by tapping into heat stored within the subsurface of the Earth.

Capacity Building

Programs provided by rich countries to help developing nations build technical skills, infrastructure, and institutional strength.

Debt Relief

Financial assistance provided to developing nations through debt reduction or cancellation to free up funds for sustainable development.

STI Governance in Crisis

The strategic management of science, technology, and innovation to provide rapid response, digital tools, data sharing, and policy adaptation during crises.

Online Scams

The top cybercrime reported to the Philippine National Police involving fraudulent schemes over the internet.

Cybercrime Leadership

The executive tier within a cybercrime group responsible for high-level management, decision-making, and strategic direction.

Cybercrime Technical Experts

Specialized members of a cybercrime group who develop malware, write exploit codes, and manage complex technical infrastructure.

Cybercrime Operatives

Members of a cybercrime group tasked with carrying out daily online attacks, financial frauds, and direct exploitation schemes.

Cybercrime Support Staff

Administrative or logistical personnel within a cybercrime organization who handle auxiliary support operations.

PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)

The specialized law enforcement unit of the Philippine National Police covering digital forensics, cybersecurity, and cyber response.

Cyber Espionage

The unauthorized entry and extraction of sensitive political, military, or economic data, as highlighted in the case of Alice Guo.

Cyber Disruption

Attacks such as DDoS that impair or halt the operation of digital services and government networks, such as the attack on the DOJ website.

Cyber Sabotage

Deliberate digital attacks aimed at damaging or destroying critical infrastructure networks.

2023 PNP Database Breach

A major cyber sabotage incident that compromised national systems and leaked over 1.2 million agency records.

Politically Motivated Cyber Attacks

Digital operations, such as fake news campaigns during the 2022 Philippine elections, driven by political agendas to influence public opinion.

Terrorist-Related Cyber Operations

Digital activities conducted by extremist groups to spread fear and ideological propaganda, such as ISIS-inspired online threats in Southeast Asia.

Cyberspace Vulnerability

Weak points or flaws in digital networks and software that cybercriminals exploit to breach systems.

RA 10175

The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 in the Philippines, which faced temporary suspension following a Supreme Court TRO.

RA 9995

The Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 in the Philippines.

RA 9725

The Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 in the Philippines (cited in legal texts as RA 9775 / RA 9725).

RA 9208

The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 in the Philippines.

RA 8792

The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (E-Commerce Act) in the Philippines.

RA 8484

The Access Device Regulation Act of 1998 in the Philippines.

RA 4200

The Anti-Wiretapping Law of the Philippines.

I Love You Virus

The first recorded major cybercrime originating from the Philippines, released on May 5, 2000.

Onel de Guzman

The creator of the 'I Love You' virus whose criminal case was dismissed in May 2000 because no Philippine law penalized cybercrime at that time.

Illegal Access

The unauthorized breaking into or intrusion upon private computer networks, ranked among the top reported PNP cybercrimes.

Computer Related Identity Theft

The fraudulent acquisition and misuse of another individual's personal identity information via computer systems.

ATM/Credit Card Fraud

Financial cybercrime involving illicit manipulation, cloning, or unauthorized transactions using payment cards.