Big Idea 2: Data.

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23 Terms

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bit

is the smallest unit of information stored or manipulated on a computer; it consists of either zero or one.

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Digital images

are a collection of pixels. where each pixel consists of binary numbers.

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Color

is based on light.

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Images

are not often just black and white.

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analog signal

exists throughout a continuous interval of time and takes on a continuous range of values.

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digital signal

is a sequence of discrete symbols.

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Sampling

is recording an analog signal at regular discrete moments and converting them to a digital signal.

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Data compression

is useful in computing to save disk space, or to reduce the bandwidth used when sending data (eg, over the Internet).

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Compression

is also an important consideration when it comes to backing up and archiving your important files, particularly for uploading over the Internet.

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Lossless algorithms

are those that can reconstruct the original message exactly from the compressed message, and lossy algorithms can only reconstruct an appsimation of the original message.

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Lossless compression

packs data in such a way that the compressed package can be decompressed, and the data can be pulled out exactly the same as it went in.

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Text compression

is another important area for lossless compression.

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Lossy compression

is a technique that does not decompress digital data back to 100% of the original.

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Images

high image compression loss can be observed in photos when enlarged

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Music

there is a difference between an MP3 music and a high-resolution audio file

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Video

moving frames of video can handle a greater loss of pixels compared to an image

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Data extraction

is the process of obtaining data from a database or software such as a social media website so that it can transport it to another software (such as spreadsheets) designed to support online analytical processing.

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graph

is a pictorial representation, a diagram used to represent data.

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Graphs and charts

represent data in points, lines, bars, pie charts, and scatter plots.

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Picture graphs

use pictures to represent values.

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Bar graphs

use either vertical or horizontal bars to represent the values.

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Line graphs

use lines to represent the values.

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Scatter plots

represent the data with points, and then a best-fit line is drawn through some of the points.