APUSH Deals, Acts, Presidents, and Events

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New Deal 1933-1939

Federal programs created by FDR in response to the great depression. Provided relief for those in poverty, recovery for economy, and reforming financial and social systems

Fair Deal 1949

inspiration from FDR’s New Deal, Truman proposed domestic policies to focus on social welfare (health insurance, housing, department of welfare), civil rights (anti lynching law), repeal Taft-Hartley Act (now allowed strikes and union organizing), and tax cuts for people with low income

WW2 1939-1945

war between Allies (US, Britain, Soviet Union) vs Axis powers (Germany, Japan, Italy). Sparked from Germany’s invasion of Poland, which led to a global conflict involving numerous countries and significant fighting across Europe, Africa, and the Pacific. It resulted in major geopolitical changes and the establishment of the United Nations.

WW1 1914-1918

started after the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. It was a global conflict primarily involving the Allies (US, France, Britain, Russia) against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire), marked by trench warfare and significant loss of life. The war concluded with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

United Nations 1945-Present

China, Russia, France, Britain, US. created to prevent another world war, establish framework for international peace and security

Warsaw Pact 1955-1991

Soviet Union, Poland, E Germany, etc. created as a counterbalance to NATO and was made to maintain Soviet control/dominance over its states in east Europe. fell in 1991 after Soviet union collapsed

NATO 1949-Present

safeguard freedom and security of the members through military and political means. Created during the Cold War to provide collective defense against the Soviet Union.

Watergate 1972

led to resignation of Nixon, beginning with a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This political scandal involved a cover-up by Nixon's administration and revealed widespread abuses of power.

Square Deal 1901

Roosevelt’s domestic policy program that aimed to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses, focusing on conservation, consumer protection, and regulating corporations. the 3 C’s of Roosevelt's Square Deal include Conservation of natural resources, Control of corporations, and Consumer protection.

Great Society 1960’s

A set of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice. Key components included Medicare, Medicaid, and federal education funding.

Treaty of Versailles 1919

The peace treaty that ended World War I, it imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany. It aimed to establish a framework for lasting peace but was criticized for its harsh terms. The treaty was signed at the Palace of Versailles in France and included the creation of the League of Nations, intended to prevent future conflicts.

Democratic-Republican Party 1792-1825

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in opposition to the Federalists, advocating for states' rights, agrarianism, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The party played a crucial role in early American politics and eventually evolved into the modern Democratic Party. They emphasized the importance of individual liberties and decentralized government.

Republican Party 1854-Present

A political party formed in the 1850s, arising from opposition to the expansion of slavery into the territories. It promoted a platform of free soil, free labor, and was instrumental in the election of Abraham Lincoln. The Republican Party, founded in 1854, originally united former Whigs, Free Soilers, and anti-slavery Democrats in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It championed principles of economic liberalism and civil rights, with Lincoln as its first successful presidential candidate.

Populists/People’s Party 1891-1908

A political movement that emerged in the late 19th century, advocating for the interests of farmers and laborers. Sought reforms such as the regulation of railroads, the establishment of a graduated income tax, and the direct election of senators.

Federalist Party 1780-1820

First political party in the US primarily led by Hamilton and John Adams. Favored strong central government, economic policies promoting the national bank, tariffs, and close ties with Great Britain. The party was instrumental in shaping early American foreign policy.

Whigs 1830-1850

Mainly led by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Quincy Adams, a political party opposing Jackson and Democratic party. Supported national bank, tariffs, committed to individual liberty and limited government

Anti-Federalists 1780s

Opponents of the Federalist Party who advocated for states' rights and a limited central government. They feared that a strong national government would threaten individual liberties and were instrumental in the drafting of the Bill of Rights. Also opposed ratification of the Constitution

Nixon 1969-1974

republican, watergate scandal (led to his resignation), 37th president, and the first president to resign from office. He pursued policies of détente with the Soviet Union and opened relations with China.

Jefferson 1801-1809

Democratic Republican, founding Father, 3rd pres, laissez faire policies, primary author of DOI, Louisiana purchase, manifest destiny, agrarianism, and expansionist policies.

Adams (Quincy) 1825-1829

Democratic Republican, 6th pres, son of John Adams, known for his opposition to slavery and promotion of scientific advancements, faced challenges due to lack of political support and was a one-term president.

L.B Johnson 1963-1969

democrat, 36th pres, great society, civil rights legislation, Vietnam War escalation, and War on Poverty.

Truman 1945-1953

democrat, 33rd pres, succeeded FDR, implemented the Marshall Plan, and led the U.S. during the beginning of the Cold War

Roosevelt 1901-1909

republican, 26th pres, known for progressive reforms, the Square Deal, and trust-busting policies

Monroe 1817-1825

Founding father, 5th pres, Monroe doctrine, foreign policy, expansionism, and the acquisition of Florida

Lincoln 1861-1865

republican, 16th pres, led during Civil War, abolished slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation

Monroe Doctrine

A cornerstone of American foreign policy articulated by James Monroe that warned European powers against further colonization or intervention in the Americas, asserting that any such actions would be viewed as acts of aggression.

Jackson 1829-1837

Democrat, 7th pres, founded the Democratic Party, expanded suffrage, known for Indian Removal policies (Trail of Tears) and his opposition to the Bank of the United States

Madison 1809-1817

democratic republican, 4th pres, led during War of 1812, and known as the "Father of the Constitution"

Andrew Johnson 1865-1969

Republican, 17th pres, succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination, implemented Reconstruction policies, was later impeached by Congress for violating the Tenure of Office Act, and oversaw the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867.

Coolidge 1923-1929

Republican, 30th pres, laissez faire policies, known for his pro-business policies, reestablishing economic stability after WWI, and his motto "The Business of America is Business”, favored limited government intervention in the economy and promoted the growth of the middle class.

Market Rev

A period of significant economic transformation in the early 19th century United States characterized by the expansion of transportation networks, the rise of factories, and the growth of a market-oriented economy.

1st Great Awakening 1730-1740

A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s emphasizing personal faith and piety, contributing to the growth of evangelicalism. This movement promoted emotional preaching and challenged traditional religious authority, leading to the establishment of new denominations.

2nd Great Awakening 1795-1835

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized individual salvation and personal relationship with God, resulting in increased church attendance, the emergence of new denominations, and social reform movements.

Puritans

A religious group that sought to purify the Church of England in the 16th and 17th centuries, they played a significant role in the early colonization of New England, promoting a strict moral code and communal living.

Industrial Rev 1760-1830

The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by the shift from hand production methods to machines, increased factory production, and significant advancements in technology.

Hoover 1929-1933

republican, 31st pres, faced the Great Depression, implemented limited government intervention policies, panic of 1929, and maintained a belief in individualism and self-reliance. laissez faire policies

Wilson 1913-1921

democrat, 28th pres, focused on progressive reform, led the country during World War I, established the Federal Reserve System, and championed the League of Nations

Taft 1909-1913

republican, 27th pres, promoted dollar diplomacy, pursued trust-busting, and faced a significant split in the Republican Party.

Raegan 1981-1989

republican, 40th pres, implemented supply-side economics, focused on reducing the size of government, and played a significant role in ending the Cold War

Cold War 1940s-1990s

a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, characterized by political, military, and ideological rivalry, marked by events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the arms race.

War of 1812

Conflict between the United States and Britain from 1812 to 1815, marked by naval battles and issues like trade restrictions and impressment (forcibly drafting people to military against their will) of American sailors.

Bacon’s Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1676 in Virginia, led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley's administration, highlighting frustration over government corruption and Native American policies.

Nat Turners Rebellion

A slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in 1831 that aimed to end slavery in Virginia and resulted in harsher slave laws.

Hartford Convention

A series of meetings in 1814-1815 where New England Federalists discussed their grievances against the War of 1812 and proposed constitutional amendments, which were seen as unpatriotic following the war's conclusion.

An 1854 law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, allowing settlers to determine if they would allow slavery, leading to violent conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas."

Navigation Laws

british laws that favored british interests, restricting colonial trade and ensuring that trade only benefited Britain.

Stono Rebellion

slave rebellion that showed enslaved peoples desire for freedom, resulting in stricter slave laws in the colonies.

King Phillips War

armed conflicts between Indians and english, was a last ditch effort by Indians to stop english settlement/expansion, leading to significant casualties on both sides and lasting impacts on Native American populations in New England.

New Jersey Plan

smaller states favored, equal representation, called for a unicameral legislature with equal votes from each state.

Virginia Plan

larger states favored, based on population representation, proposed a bicameral legislature.

Connecticut Plan/Great Compromise

combined VA and NJ plan into a bicameral (two chambers) congress, senate for NJ and house of representatives for VA, ensuring representation based on population in one house and equal representation in the other

French Indian War/7 Years War 1754-1763

A conflict between Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763, marking a struggle for territorial dominance. It resulted in British expansion but left the empire in debt, leading to tensions that contributed to the American Revolution.

Shay’s Rebellion

protests for economic injustices and lack of gov response to debt, called for stronger fed gov

American Revolution

influenced by enlightenment, natural rights, and government the revolutionaries sought independence from British rule, emphasizing liberty and self-governance.

Zimmerman Telegraph

A secret communication from Germany to Mexico in 1917 proposing a military alliance against the United States during World War I, which contributed to U.S. entry into the war.

Henry Clay

represented a more modern Idea of federalism, created the American system (plan to advance economic growth), protective tariffs and national bank, internal improvements like canals

Nullification (cancelling) Crisis

set the stage for civil war, started because of the tariff of 1828 because manufactures believed that without tariffs, America wouldn’t be fully independent from Britain.