PHS Final review

Empathy

Understanding and sharing someone else's feelings.

Patience

Staying calm when things take time or people struggle.

Tact

Saying things politely without hurting feelings.

Leadership

Guiding others toward a goal.

Dependability

Being reliable; doing what you're expected to do.

Appearance

How you present yourself (clean, professional).

Hygiene

Keeping your body and clothing clean.

Impressions

The opinion people form of you, especially at first.

Observations

Noticing things carefully using your senses.

Stress

The body's reaction to pressure, change, or challenges.

Communication

Sending and receiving information clearly.

Microorganisms

Tiny living things seen only with a microscope.

Pathogens

Microorganisms that cause disease.

Antibiotic Use

Drugs that kill bacteria (NOT viruses). Misuse causes resistance.

Chain of Infection

Infectious Agent - pathogen, Reservoir - where it lives, Portal of Exit - how it leaves, Mode of Transmission - how it spreads, Portal of Entry - how it enters new host, Susceptible Host - person likely to get sick.

Breaking the Cycle

Handwashing, PPE, Cleaning/disinfection, Vaccines, Isolation.

Aseptic Techniques

Practices to remove or prevent pathogens.

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Documents that explain chemical hazards, safe handling, storage, and emergency steps.

Standard Precautions

Treat ALL blood, body fluids, and non-intact skin as infectious.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, face shields.

Heart Anatomy

Myocardium - thick middle muscle layer, Pericardium - outer protective sac, Endocardium - smooth inner lining.

Cardiac Cycle

Systole - heart contracts, Diastole - heart relaxes.

Major Blood Vessels

Aorta - largest artery, Superior vena cava - returns blood from upper body.

Amount of Blood in Adult

~ 4-6 liters.

Blood Cells

Erythrocytes (RBCs) - carry oxygen, Leukocytes (WBCs) - fight infection, Thrombocytes (platelets) - help clot blood.

Ventilation (Breathing)

Inhalation - diaphragm contracts, air in; Exhalation - diaphragm relaxes, air out.

Minutes of Oxygen Without Brain Damage

4-6 minutes.

Vital Signs

Temperature, Pulse, Respiration, Blood Pressure, Pain (5th vital sign).

Hypothermia vs Hyperthermia

Hypothermia - low body temperature; Hyperthermia - high body temperature.

CPR/AED

Adult compressions: 30:2, 100-120/min, depth 2 in.

Fire Safety (RACE)

R - Rescue, A - Alarm, C - Contain, E - Extinguish/Evacuate.

Bias

Preference for or against something.

Stereotype

Assuming all people in a group are the same.

Prejudice

Prejudging without facts.

Ethnicity

Cultural background (language, customs).

Race

Physical traits (skin color, bone structure).

Assimilation

Giving up old culture to fit into new one.

Acculturation

Blending old and new cultures.

Spirituality

Beliefs about meaning, purpose, life.

Religion

Organized belief system.

Transcultural

Care that fits all cultures.

Culture

Values, customs, traditions of a group.

Nuclear Family

Parents + children only.