CompTIA A+ Essentials – Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key hardware, networking, printer, and cloud concepts from the lecture notes.

Fuser Printer

Component that melts and bonds toner to paper; failure causes loose or unfused toner.

802.11a

Wi-Fi standard that operates exclusively in the 5 GHz band.

DDR (Double Data Rate) RAM

Memory type required for dual-channel operation on modern motherboards.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

E-mail protocol that keeps messages on the server, enabling access and sync from multiple devices.

Intrusion Prevention (IPS)

Security function not listed by NIST as a core characteristic of cloud computing.

Magnetic Tape Backup

Removable media best suited for very large, long-term data backups and archiving.

Switch MAC Learning

A switch builds its MAC address table by examining the source MAC of incoming frames.

Laser Printer

Type of printer that requires toner replacement during routine maintenance.

Tracert / Traceroute

Network utility that shows each hop to a destination to locate communication breakdowns.

Firewall Port 80 (Outbound)

Exception that must be open for a client to initiate HTTP requests to a web server.

Inkjet Printer Voltage Control

Technique that regulates ink usage by varying print-head voltage.

DVI-D Cable

Digital Visual Interface connector that carries video signals only (no audio).

ECC (Error-Correcting Code) Memory

RAM feature that detects and corrects single-bit data errors for improved reliability.

MAM (Mobile Application Management)

Software solution that controls which apps users can install or run on corporate devices.

Server‐Grade System

Computer category most likely to employ ECC RAM for high reliability.

255 in Subnet Mask

Indicates the corresponding IP octet is part of the network portion.

Rapid Elasticity

Cloud trait allowing resources to be provisioned or released quickly in response to demand.

MAC Address Length

Hardware address made up of 48 bits (6 bytes).

Network Hub

Legacy device that repeats incoming frames out all other ports (layer-1).

Laptop Display Bezel

Plastic frame around the screen that must be removed to access and replace a Wi-Fi antenna.

Inkjet Nozzle Cleaning

First troubleshooting step for vertical color stripes—run the printer’s built-in nozzle-clean utility.

Wireless Mesh Networks

Generally suited for small or ad-hoc deployments; not ideal for large enterprise networks.

RAID 0 Drive Failure

Loss of a single disk results in loss of the entire striped volume with no data redundancy.

FTP Ports

Passive mode uses port 21; active mode uses ports 21 and 20.

RJ-45 Connector

8-position plug commonly crimped onto UTP Ethernet cables.

S.M.A.R.T. Alert

Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology warning indicating impending hard-drive failure.

SMB (Server Message Block)

File-sharing protocol that listens on TCP port 445.

VM Anti-Malware

Each virtual machine should have its own anti-malware software installed for protection.

IPv6 Address Length

Consists of 128 bits, written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.

Scanner Lock Switch

Mechanical latch that must be unlocked on a multifunction printer’s flatbed scanner before use.

2.5-Inch HDD

Standard platter diameter for hard drives installed in most laptops.

Dial-Up Speed Limitation

Dial-up connections do not meet broadband definitions (max ~56 Kbps, far below 1.5 Mbps).

LC Connector

Small form-factor fiber-optic connector used with multimode or single-mode cabling.

Broken Cooling Fan

Likely cause of a PC shutting down after ~15 minutes due to overheating.

OLED Display

Thin-panel technology that uses organic compounds which emit light when current is applied.

Restarting the Print Spooler

Follow-up action when cancel/restart attempts fail—stop and start the Windows Print Spooler service.

Fuser

A component in a laser printer that uses heat and pressure to bond toner to paper.

802.11a

A wireless networking standard that operates on the 5GHz frequency band.

DDR

A type of RAM that allows for dual-channel memory configuration, enhancing data transfer rates.

IMAP

An email protocol that enables access to messages from multiple devices while keeping them synchronized.

Intrusion prevention

A security feature that is not typically associated with cloud environments as per NIST.

Tape

A storage medium that is ideal for large data backups due to its high capacity and cost-effectiveness.

MAC address learning

The process by which a switch identifies connected devices by monitoring data frames.

Laser printer

A type of printer that requires toner replacement as part of its maintenance.

Tracert

A network utility used to trace the path data takes to reach a specific website.

Port 80

The default port that must be open on a firewall to allow outbound web traffic.

Inkjet printers

Devices that control the amount of liquid ink used through voltage regulation.

DVI-D cable

A type of cable used exclusively for transmitting video signals.

ECC

A memory feature that provides error correction to prevent data corruption during transfer.

MAM

A program that manages and restricts applications on company-owned mobile devices.

Server

A type of computer that typically utilizes ECC RAM for enhanced reliability.

255 in subnet mask

Indicates that the octet is part of the network address in an IP configuration.

Rapid elasticity

The ability of cloud computing to quickly scale resources up or down based on demand.

48 bits

The total number of bits that make up a MAC address.

Hub

A networking device that broadcasts incoming messages to all other connected ports.

Display bezel

The component of a laptop that must be removed to access the Wi-Fi antenna.

Clean print nozzles

The first troubleshooting step for an inkjet printer producing vertical stripes in color prints.

Wireless mesh networks

These networks are not ideal for large enterprise environments due to their complexity.

RAID 0 failure

Results in the loss of the entire volume when one drive fails.

Passive mode FTP

Uses port 21 for control and an additional port for data transfer in active mode.

RJ-45

A connector type commonly found on unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables.

S.M.A.R.T. error

An alert indicating potential failure of a hard disk drive.

SMB

A service that operates over port 445 for file sharing.

Anti-malware software

Essential for protecting operating systems on virtual machines from malware threats.

128 bits

The length of an IPv6 address, allowing for a vast number of unique addresses.

Scanner lock switch

The most likely reason a multifunction printer's scanner is not functioning.

2.5 inches

The standard platter diameter for hard drives used in large laptops.

Dial-up speeds

Are not considered broadband, as they do not reach broadband speed thresholds.

LC connector

A type of connector commonly used in fiber optic connections.

Broken fan

The probable cause of a system shutting down after running for a short period.

OLED

A display technology that uses organic materials to emit light.

Restart Print Spooler

The recommended action when the Windows Print Spooler service is stalled.

Which of the following two colors do not change between T568A and T568B?

Blue and Brown

A company is installing a backup cable modem Internet connection at a remote site. Which of the following cable types should be installed to support the link from the ISP?

Coaxial

Which of these display technologies provides the most accurate color representation?

Organic LED

A SOHO internet connection uses existing telephone lines to provide high speed access. Which of the following describes this type of connection?

DSL

A computer has the IP address of 169.254.74.156. Which of the following would best describe this configuration?

APIPA - An APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) uses the range of 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 to provide a link-local address when a local address is not assigned manually or through DHCP.

Which of the following is a private IP address?

172.22.50.217 - RFC 1918 defines private IP address ranges as 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

A company has contracted with an ISP for Internet access. Which of the following should be used to convert between the ISP fiber network and the customer's copper network?

An ONT (Optical Network Terminal) is commonly used to convert between an ISP's fiber optics and a customer's copper Ethernet devices.

Which of the following would be the best way to separate a group of devices into separate broadcast domains?

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) logically separates devices on a switch into different broadcast domains.

An administrator would like to change the lease time on all network devices. Which of the following should the administrator modify?

All DHCP settings are managed in a DHCP scope associated with the local subnet

A DNS administrator is configuring an AAAA record. Which of the following would be associated with this configuration?

IPv6 address of a web server - A DNS (Domain Name Service) AAAA record specifies the IPv6 address associated with a FQDN

A network administrator is designing a SCADA network. Which of the following would best describe this network type?

Manufacturing systems - SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) describes the network connecting industrial control systems (ICS).

An 802.11 access point has been configured to use 80 MHz of the available spectrum. Which of the following would best describe this configuration parameter?

Bandwidth

A network administrator has been asked to enable tcp/389 on the firewall. Which of the following would be the most likely reason for this request?

Centralized authentication - LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) uses TCP port 389 to store and retrieve information from a network directory.

A company is using a COPE policy for all new hires. Which of the following would best describe this policy?

Mobile phone is purchased by the organization - COPE (Corporate Owned, Personally Enabled) describes a mobile device owned by the company but configured as both a personal device and a corporate device.

A company is installing a port replicator at a user's workstation. Which of the following would this provide?

Additional USB interfaces

A recent network analysis has found excessive latency between packets. Which of the following would best describe this issue?

Excessive jitter

Class A, B, and C network IPv4