Patho Unit 2

Hereditary

involves chromosomnl or DNA mutation, is passed down

Congenital

deficiency or injury during gestation/ present at birth

Infectious

exposure to pathogenic organisms

Metabolic

disruption of normal chemical reactions

Nutritional deficiency

insufficient quantities of nutrients such as essential amino avids, minerals or vitamins

Degenerative

progressive deterioration of a tissue

Neoplastic

involves abnormal cell growth

Immunologic

dysfunction of normal immune responses

Iatrogenic

resulting as a complication of medical treatment

Psychogenic

influenced by psychological factors

Idiopathic

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

Atrophy

decrease in cell size

Hypertrophy

increase in cell size

Hyperplasia

increase in number of cells

Dysplasia

deranged cellular growth, not a true admptive state, is atypical hyperplasia

Metaplasia

replacement of one type of cell with another
(change in cell type)

Hypoxia

lack at oxygen due to ischemia (low blood supply)

Necrosis

Cell death due to disease or chemical injury (dense dumping of DNA and disruption of plasma and organelle membranes)

Autolysis

cellular self - digestion

Coagulative

due to hypoxin; protein denaturation (Albumin hardens); occurs in kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands

Liquefactive

ischemic injury to brain neurons; cells become digested by their own enzymes

Caseous

pulmonary infection (usually tuberculosis ); dead cells disintegrate but leave cellular debris
(clumped cheese)

Fat

lipases destroy cells; breast, pancreas, abdomen

Gangrenous

severe hypoxin and bacterial infection lex. gas gangrene cauved by clostridium)

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

Systemic Disease

disease affecting the whole body system

Incidence

occurrence or influence

Prevelance

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Pathogenesis

the origination and development of a disease

Prognosis

the foretelling of a course of a disease

Etiology

cause of disease

Complication

A secondary disease/condition that develops in the course of a primary disease/condition.

Edema

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissues.

Exacerbations

flaring of symptoms (becoming more severe)

Remission

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Sequela

the negative aftermath of a disease

Benign

a mild type that does not threaten the health or life of a patient

Karyolysis

dissolution of nucleus

Oncosis

Cell death with swelling (occurs before necrosis)

Fatty infiltration

infiltration of the tissue of an organ with excess amounts of fat

Relapse

recurrence of an illness/disease/condition

Nosocomial

acquired or occurring in a hospital

Acute

Sudden/onset/short duration

Chronic

suffering from a disease for a long period of time

Free radicals

they are electrically uncharged atoms w/ and unpaired electron.