Joints & Articulations

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, & Diarthroses

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, & Synovial

What term describes a joint that is slightly movable?

Amphiarthrotic

Which functional joint classification is mostly found in the appendicular skeleton?

Diarthroses

Which type of fibrous joint is only seen in the teeth?

Gomphoses

Which type of fibrous joint is only seen in the skull?

Sutures

Which type of cartilaginous joint can be defined as a plate of hyaline cartilage connecting bones?

Synchondroses

Which feature of synovial joints detects pain, monitors stretch, and supplies filtrate for synovial fluid?

Nerves and blood vessels

What liquid is defined by viscous, plasma filtrate with hyaluronic acid?

Synovial fluid

What is the name of the hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones?

Articular cartilage

What is the term for bags of synovial fluid that surround joints and reduce friction?

Bursae

What is the difference between a joint with a shallow contact surface and a joint with a deep contact surface?

Shallow contact surface has less stability than a deeper contact surface

What is the major determinant for joint stability?

Muscle tone

Which kind of joint has a joint cavity?

Synovial joint

Which synovial joint glides to create lateral movement for chewing?

Temporomandibular joint

Which synovial joint has a high degree of movement but low stability, making it prone to injury in overhead throwing sports?

Glenohumeral joint

Which ligament is repaired via Tommy John surgery?

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL)

Which synovial joint is formed by the humerus articulating distally with the radius and ulna?

Humeroulnar joint

Which synovial joint is formed by the head of the femur articulating with the deep acetabulum of the pubis?

Coxal joint

Which joint is the largest and most complex joint of the body?

Tibiofemoral joint

What two joints make up the tibiofemoral joint?

Femoropatellar and tibiofemoral joint

Which ligaments prevent medial and lateral collapse of the knee/tibiofemoral joint?

Medial & Lateral Collateral Ligaments (MCL/LCL)

Which two ligaments prevent hyperextension and hyperflexion of the knee?

Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligaments (ACL/PCL)

Which three parts of the body are damaged in the Unhappy Triad injury?

MCL, ACL, and medial meniscus

Which joint injury is usually caused by compression or shear (rotational) stress?

Cartilage tears

Why do partial joint tears heal so slowly?

Poor vascularization

Which joint injury results in bones forced out of alignment?

Dislocations/luxations

Which type of tendinitis can be caused by strain during jumping and landing?

Patellar tendinitis (Jumper's Knee)

Which condition is characterized by avulsion of the patellar tendon of the tibial tuberosity caused by growth spurts or activity?

Osgood-Schlatter's Disease

Which tendon can develop tendinitis caused by sudden increases in running intensity and duration?

Achilles tendon

What inflammatory condition is usually caused by a direct blow, friction on the tendon, or overuse?

Bursitis

Which type of bursitis is characterized by one-off situations where symptoms do not recur?

Acute bursitis

What are most acute forms of arthritis caused by?

Bacteria

Which type of arthritis is most common and leads to irreversible wear and tear?

Osteoarthritis

What happens to cartilage in osteoarthritis?

Cartilage is broken down faster than it's replaced

Which type of arthritis usually arises between 40-50 years of age and is most common in women?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which type of arthritis causes joint pain, swelling, weakness, and cardiovascular problems (especially in the hands and feet)?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which type of arthritis results in excess uric acid crystals being deposited in joints and soft tissue?

Gouty arthritis

Which type of arthritis is more common in men?

Gouty arthritis

Which type of arthritis results from spirochete bacteria in deer tick bites?

Lyme disease

Which type of arthritis can cause neurological symptoms if left untreated?

Lyme disease

Which movement brings articulating segments closer together?

Flexion

Which movement is characterized by taking a body part away from the midline?

Abduction

How do the palms face in supination?

Anterior

How do the palms face in pronation?

Posterior

Which movement is characterized by turning a bone around its own long axis?

Rotation

What is crepitus?

A crunching sound

What kind of cartilage are menisci and labra made from?

Fibrocartilage

Which feature of a synovial joint improves the fit of articulating bone surfaces, stabilizes joints, mitigates wear and tear, and acts as a shock absorber?

Articular discs

What type of fibrous joint is connected by ligaments and fibrous tissues?

Syndesmoses