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Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
A disorder diagnosed in children ages 6 to 18 characterized by constant and severe irritability, anger, and temper tantrums.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Previously known as dysthymia, this condition causes low-level depressive feelings for most days over at least 2 years in adults.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
A severe form of premenstrual syndrome that includes mood swings, irritability, and symptoms that significantly decrease with menstruation.
Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder characterized by at least five symptoms occurring during the same two-week period, including depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure.
Anhedonia
The loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, a key symptom of major depressive disorder.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A type of psychotherapy that helps patients understand the relationship between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, often used in the treatment of depressive disorders.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A brain stimulation therapy that is considered the most effective treatment for severe depression.
Psychomotor Retardation
A term used to describe slowed movements and cognitive processes associated with major depression.
Risk Factors for Depression
Factors such as genetic predisposition, stressful life events, hormonal changes, and co-occurring mental disorders that increase the likelihood of developing depressive disorders.
Behavioral Assessment in Depression
An evaluation focusing on a patient's behavior, mood, emotions, thought processes, and perceptions to assess the severity of depression.
Antidepressant Medications
Medications used to treat depression, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclics, which help balance neurotransmitters in the brain.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
A class of antidepressants that increase serotonin levels in the brain to help improve mood.
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
A type of antidepressant that increases both serotonin and norepinephrine levels, effective in treating major depressive disorder.
Psychodynamic Therapy
A therapeutic approach that focuses on unconscious processes and past experiences to understand present behavior.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
A time-limited treatment that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning to alleviate depressive symptoms.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
A therapeutic approach that combines cognitive therapy with mindfulness strategies to prevent relapse in depression.
Bupropion
An atypical antidepressant that is used to treat major depressive disorder and aid in smoking cessation, functioning differently from SSRIs and SNRIs.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Older class of antidepressant medications that can be effective but have more side effects compared to newer antidepressants.
Therapeutic Alliance
The collaborative relationship between therapist and patient, which is crucial for effective therapy outcomes.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
A non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, often used to treat depression when other treatments fail.
