Arthropods

protein and chitin

stiffened cuticle of arthropods

protection

function of hardened exoskeleton

muscle

what attachments can be found on hardened exoskeleton

sequence of molts

what is necessary to allow for growth in arthropods?

reduction of coelom

what resulted in loss of hydrostatic skeleton function?

extensions of jointed segments

what became appendages in arthropods?

yes

is arthropoda a diverse phylum?

1,100,000

how many species of arthropods recorded to date?

precambrian period

when does the fossil history date to?

hemocoel

name for arthropod open system of sinuses

exoskeleton

made of cuticle and is highly protective, jointed, and flexible so as to provide mobility

procuticle

inner, thick exoskeleton layer

epicuticle

outer, thin exoskeleton layer

they have mandibles

why are the groups myrlapoda, crustacea and hexapoda grouped together phylogenetically?

waxes

found on the outermost layer of the epicuticle to reduce water loss

sclerotization

chemical linking that stabilizes and hardens protein layers

exocuticle, endocuticle

\n Procuticle has an ______ secreted before a molt and an \n _______ secreted after molting.

50

percent chitin in insect procuticle

60-80

percent chitin in crustacean procuticle

makes it harder

what does more chitin do to an exoskeleton?

appendages

often differentiated and highly specialized for division of labor

segmentation and apendages

allow for efficient arthropod locomotion

to avoid intraspecific competitions

why do larvae and adults feed on different organisms and occupy different habitats?

tagmata

term for body regions in chelicerates

cephalothorax and an abdomen

two main body regions of chelicerates

no

do chelicerates have mandibles?

predaceous

nutrition of most arachnids

cephalothorax

which body region holds the 4 pairs of legs of chelicerates?

reproductive and respiratory systems

what does the chelicerate abdoman house?

pedipalps

modified, sometimes elaborately, for sperm transfer in males

digestive enzymes

Arachnids feed by releasing ________ over or into their prey and then sucking the fluids out

pedicel

small structure that joins cephalothorax and abdoman in spiders

book lungs

parallel air pockets extending into blood-filled chambers used for breathing in spiders

8

how many eyes in spiders

cuticular mechanoreceptors

Covers the legs of spiders and can detect air currents, web vibrations, and other stimuli. Help with awareness of environment due to poor vision

spinnerets

contain hundreds of microscopic tubes that run to abdominal silk glands

scleroprotein

liquid web secretion that hardens as it is extruded

at night

when do scorpions typically feed

pecten

used in scorpions to sense vibrations of the ground

pedipalps

modified into pincher structures in scorpions

spermatophore

placed into ground by male scorpion and female is dragged on top to deposit sperm

viviparous

term for scorpions meaning females brood their young \n within their reproductive tract

no

is the harvestman pedicel narrow?

order opiliones or harvestmen

also called daddy longlegs

penis, direct

unlike other aracnids, harvestmen have ____ for ______ sperm transfer in reproduction.

parasitic

what nutrition do most mites and ticks have during at least one life stage

capitulum

\n Name for mite and tick mouthparts on tip of the anterior

chelicerae

help pierce, tear, or grip food; found on each side of mite/tick

4

how many pairs of legs in adult mites/ticks

6, 8

When mite/tick egg hatches, it releases a ___________ legged larva which then forms_ ________ legged nymphal stages.

ixodes

tick species that carries lyme disease

carnivore

centipede nutrition

venom claws

how do centipedes kill prey?

pair of jointed legs

what does each segment of a centipede (except behind head and last 2) have?

sensory

what function does the longer last pair of centipede legs serve?

spiracles

in each somite of a centipede to allow air to diffuse through branched air tubes of the tracheae

decayed plant matter

what do millipedes typically eat

2

how many pairs of legs on each adult millipede abdominal section?

1

how many pairs of legs per segment in larval millipedes?

exoskeleton, efficient locomotion, developed sense organs, complex behavior, air piped directly to cells, diverse resource use through metamorphosis

why are arthropods so diverse and abundant?

malpighian tubes

used in arachnid excretion

maxilliped

feeding appendage modified from thoracic limb

protopod (coxa and basis), exopd, endopod

parts a maxilliped