Chapter 18: Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900

Who was considered the first “robber baron,” exploiting customers and contributing little to overall economic growth?

Jay Gould

The late 19th century saw the rise of which mail order company?

Sears, Roebuck & Company

National chain stores catering to the growing consumer culture of middle and working class families included

Woolworth's and A&P

New late 19th century inventions included (the)

typewriter, cash register, vacuum cleaner, and flush toilets

Formed out of 20 craft unions under the leadership of Samuel Gompers, which labor union focused on economic gains for our members?

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

What event ushered in the “electric age”?

the Chicago World's Fair/World's Columbian Exposition

In addition to new inventions and industrialization, what other factors propelled economic growth in the late 19^th century?

urbanization and immigration

In the late 19th century the consumer culture coupled with what changed the retail landscape?

advertising and buying on credit

Social Darwinism was a theory that

people with talent and capabilities would rise to the top and achieve the "greatest material and social success," similar to the animal world and "survival of the fittest."

John D. Rockefeller bought out or ran out of business other oil companies to consolidate 95 percent of the domestic oil refinery business, a strategy called what?

horizontal integration

Which inventor of the motion picture projector could be considered the father of movies?

Thomas Edison

Which of the following stimulated economic growth nationwide and was the nation’s first “big business”?

railroads

J. Pierpont Morgan created

the country's first billion-dollar company

Although Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb, who brought electricity to the masses through AC or “alternating current”?

George Westinghouse

With urbanization and the boom in factories, business owners hired

children and women

I led a strike in the railroad industry; however, deliver of the U.S. mail crushed our solidarity with builders of sleeping cars. Who am I?

Eugene V. Debs

President Grover Cleveland signed into law the first Labor Day–the first Monday in September–in 1894; ironically, that same year this failed strike crippled the labor movement?

Pullman Strike

We took violent actions to help Irish coal miners in Pennsylvania. Hunted and hanged as an example to others. Who were we?

Molly Maguires

Working-class life in the late 19th century was characterized by

low-wage jobs performed by women and children

All of the following could be bought on credit EXCEPT

automobiles